Internet-of-Things for Smart Dryers: Enablers, State of the arts, Challenges, and Solutions

Rizalman, Mohd Khairulanwar; Moung, Ervin Gubin; Dargham, Jamal Ahmad; Jamain, Zuhair; Yaakub, Nurul’azah Mohd.; Omatu, Sigeru

doi:10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936770

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Agricultural products that go through the drying process have their drying conditions that must be obeyed to provide a safe drying environment without affecting the quality of the dried products [2], [9]. Although the drying method influences quality, other factors, such as the drying temperature, also affect the process [7].…”

Section: Drying Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These guidelines should be met for better preservation of taste [8]. Rizalman et al [2] pointed out that drying agricultural products at high air velocities may lead to volatile compound losses. Table 2 shows some works conducted on solar drying for different commodities.…”

Section: Drying Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural harvested products contain water or moisture content that is usually in a condition that stimulates the growth of unwanted microorganisms. The drying process of these agricultural products is one of the stages in post-harvest production [1], [2]. The drying process aims to remove enough moisture content from the product so that it can be stored and preserved for a longer period without spoilage [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of solar drying technology for agricultural produce

Rizalman

Moung

Dargham

et al. 2023

IJEECS

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Agriculture contributes to large export earnings for many countries and provides food all over the world. However, most agricultural products need some post-harvest processing, such as drying, to extend their shelf life while still maintaining their respective nutrient quality. One popular post-harvest processing method is drying using solar energy. It is a type of renewable energy that is abundant and free. Conventional dryers use grid electricity and can be expensive to operate. Consequently, there is a growing need for cost-effective solar-powered agricultural dryers that is reasonable for smaller-scale farmers. Although current solar dryers are still not on par with modern electricity-powered dryers, solar dryers have lower running costs and are sustainable and able to generate electricity. They can also be used practically anywhere with abundant solar energy. As numerous solar drying technologies have been proposed over the past decade, it is necessary to assess the current state of solar drying technology in the agricultural sector to identify current advancements and potential research gaps. In this paper, a review of existing solar dryers mechanism and the state of the art of solar drying technology research for agricultural products is presented.

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Section: Drying Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drying Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of solar drying technology for agricultural produce

Rizalman

Moung

Dargham

et al. 2023

IJEECS

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“…Drying time in a hot air oven still takes two days. The process is controlled to manage the general drying steps and keep the product's quality [8]. These steps should happen in relatively equal time to avoid cracks in the briquette during drying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative method for stopping the coconut shell charcoal briquette drying process

Prasetyadi,

Sambada,

Purwadi

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The drying processes of coconut shell charcoal briquette consist of drying and agglomeration. In industry, the drying process is determined by a quality control person, which creates dependency. The justification was conducted by firing and hardness checking. The firing test consumes a lot of time. An alternative method for determining the stopping drying process is proposed. The method is based on the resistance of the briquette in addition to density. One hundred and fifty cube briquettes of 2,6 cm x 2,6 cm x 2,6 cm in wet, half-dry, and dry conditions were tested for electricity resistance. The results show different resistivity of wet, half-dry, and dry. The dry has a resistivity of 1.82 105 Ω. The others have less than that number by order more than 10. Some doubts were found due to the low resistivity number close to half-dry condition. The density of the doubt was in the type. Therefore, a combination of density and resistance will be used to stop drying, which can be done quickly and out of the dependency of the quality control person.

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Advancement and Innovations in Drying of Biopharmaceuticals, Nutraceuticals, and Functional Foods

Ramachandran,

Nadimi,

Cenkowski

et al. 2024

Food Eng Rev

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Drying is a crucial unit operation within the functional foods and biopharmaceutical industries, acting as a fundamental preservation technique and a mechanism to maintain these products' bioactive components and nutritional values. The heat-sensitive bioactive components, which carry critical quality attributes, necessitate a meticulous selection of drying methods and conditions backed by robust research. In this review, we investigate challenges associated with drying these heat-sensitive materials and examine the impact of various drying methods. Our thorough research extensively covers ten notable drying methods: heat pump drying, freeze-drying, spray drying, vacuum drying, fluidized bed drying, superheated steam drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, osmotic drying, vacuum drying, and supercritical fluid drying. Each method is tailored to address the requirements of specific functional foods and biopharmaceuticals and provides a comprehensive account of each technique's inherent advantages and potential limitations. Further, the review ventures into the exploration of combined hybrid drying techniques and smart drying technologies with industry 4.0 tools such as automation, AI, machine learning, IoT, and cyber-physical systems. These innovative methods are designed to enhance product performance and elevate the quality of the final product in the drying of functional foods and biopharmaceuticals. Through a thorough survey of the drying landscape, this review illuminates the intricacies of these operations and underscores their pivotal role in functional foods and biopharmaceutical production.

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Internet-of-Things for Smart Dryers: Enablers, State of the arts, Challenges, and Solutions

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

A review of solar drying technology for agricultural produce

A review of solar drying technology for agricultural produce

Alternative method for stopping the coconut shell charcoal briquette drying process

Advancement and Innovations in Drying of Biopharmaceuticals, Nutraceuticals, and Functional Foods

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