Internet of Things (IoT) System and Field Sensors for Exercise Intensity Measurements

Abstract

Although exercise training according to individual peak aerobic capacity ( Vo 2peak ) has been recommended at all ages, sensors available in the field are limited. The most popular sensors in the field are pedometers, but they cannot be used to monitor exercise intensity. Instead, although heart rate (HR) monitors are broadly available in the field to estimate exercise intensity, HR responses to exercise vary by individual according to physical fitness and environmental conditions, which hinders the precise measurement of energy expenditure. These issues make it difficult for exercise physiologists to collaborate with geneticists, nutritionists, and clinicians using the internet of things (IoT). To conquer these problems, we have developed a device that is equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a barometer to measure energy expenditure during interval walking training (IWT) in the field with inclines. IWT is a training regimen to repeat fast and slow walking for 3 min each, equivalent to greater than 70% and approximately 40% of individual Vo 2peak , respectively. Additionally, we developed an IoT system that enables users to receive instructions from trainers according to their walking records even if they live far away. Since the system is available at low cost with minimum personnel, we can investigate any factors affecting the adherence to and effects of IWT in a large population for a long period. This system was also used to verify any effects of nutritional supplements during IWT and to examine the value of applying IWT to clinical medicine.

Exercise suppresses mouse systemic AApoAII amyloidosis through enhancement of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway

“…IT training was performed 4 days per week on a treadmill based on a protocol modified from that described for a human study ( Masuki et al, 2020 ). Each training session was preceded by a 3-min warm-up with running at 10 m/min.…”

“…An interval walking training system (IWT) developed at Shinshu University School of Medicine is effective for increasing physical fitness and decreasing scores for lifestyle-related diseases ( Nemoto et al, 2007 ; Masuki et al, 2019 ; Masuki et al, 2020 ). IWT is one such regimen in which the individual engages in alternating fast and slow walking for 3-min intervals that are equivalent to >70% and ∼40% of individual peak aerobic capacity (VO 2peak ), respectively.…”

High-intensity interval walking training using internet of things (IoT): past and future

“…To solve this problem, we developed the e-Health Promotion System, composed of 1) interval walking training (IWT), repeating fast and slow walking for 3 min each, equivalent to greater than 70% and approximately 40% of individual V ・ O2peak, respectively; 2) an original portable calorimeter equipped with a tri-axial accelerometer and a barometer (JD Mate, Kissei Comtec, Matsumoto, Japan) for precisely measuring energy expenditure even during fast walking on inclines; and 3) a server computer in Shinshu University for remotely instructing the participants 3,4,5,8) . Individual V ・ O2peak was determined by the graded walking test, performed at subjectively slow, moderate, and high speeds for 3 min each while energy expenditure was measured with JD Mate, which was confirmed to agree with values separately determined by the standard graded cycling test using respiratory gas analysis 5) . Participants were instructed to perform IWT at their convenient time and place, and to visit community offices near their homes once a month to transfer their walking records stored in the JD Mate to the server and to receive further instruction for continuing the training from the server.…”

“…Participants were instructed to perform IWT at their convenient time and place, and to visit community offices near their homes once a month to transfer their walking records stored in the JD Mate to the server and to receive further instruction for continuing the training from the server. Using the system, we successfully accumulated data on the effects of 5-month IWT in 8,700 middle-aged and older people, which showed an increase in V ・ O2peak of 15%, an improvement in LSD symptoms of 20%, and a reduction in healthcare costs of 20%, on average [3][4][5]9,10) . These results suggested that exercise intensity is a key factor in acquiring the benefits of exercise training.…”

“…Given these considerations, we have developed an exercise prescription system using the internet of things (IoT) for middle-aged and older individuals which can be run at low cost, and which achieves health outcomes that are at least equivalent to those of current standard exercise prescriptions carried out in gyms. While the details have been reported in our previous review articles [3][4][5] , in the present review we focus on the history of the development of the system, we provide an up-to-date overview of the system and its current use, and we discuss the potential for future studies using the system.…”