Internment of polysulfide in fractal carbon structure for high rate lithium-sulfur batteries

Rani, Poonam; Sarode, Krishna Kumar; Gaikwad, Mayur M.; Pathak, Anil D.; Sharma, Chandra Shekhar

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150294

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In contrast, the second cathode peak (peak 1) represents the liquid-to-solid conversion, thereby forming the lower-order polysulfides (LOPS). ,, This peak is absent in CS-CNF-0/S cells, revealing that the dissolution of HOPS into the electrolyte and the conversion of HOPS to LOPS are insignificant. However, one merged anodic peak can be confirmed for all of the cells, indicating the improved kinetics of the electrochemical conversion of polysulfides into sulfur. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, one merged anodic peak can be confirmed for all of the cells, indicating the improved kinetics of the electrochemical conversion of polysulfides into sulfur. 27,42,47 Moreover, the intensities of the peaks for the cell with 1 wt % CS are much higher than those for the cells with higher CS loading. However, the cathodic−anodic peaks of CS-CNF-1/S cells have a more significant shift, indicating a higher degree of potential polarization.…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The addition of conductive additives to the CNF electrode matrix in LSBs offers advantages, such as improved electrical conductivity, enhanced sulfur utilization, reduced polysulfide shuttling, enhanced mechanical stability, and high surface area and pore volume. Owing to their distinctive features, carbon nanoparticles generated from candle soot (CS) from the tip of the flame have received a lot of attention. − These nanoparticles are interconnected and highly organized, with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Benefitting from their nanosize, large electrochemically accessible surface area, and exceptional electrical conductivity, they have been used in energy storage applications in recent times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candle Soot-Embedded Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a Flexible and Free-Standing Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Cherian,

Kishore,

Reddy

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Lithium−sulfur batteries (LSBs) have gained considerable attention during the last few decades owing to their high energy density than conventional Li-ion batteries. Apart from the various technical challenges associated with LSBs, there is a need to eliminate the binder, additive, and current collectors used in conventional cell fabrication to enhance the energy density of LSBs. Therefore, this work reports a free-standing flexible cathode matrix synthesized by electrospun nanofiber using candle soot (CS)-incorporated polyacrylonitrile to boost the performance of LSBs. Sulfur is incorporated into a free-standing CS-carbon nanofiber (CS-CNF) mat by a melt diffusion approach. This flexible free-standing architecture provides good mechanical and electrical properties and also assists in suppressing the infamous shuttle effect of polysulfides. Further, its porous network helps to sustain the volume variation arising during electrochemical redox reactions. A detailed electrochemical study reveals that the interconnected nanofiber architecture helps in high sulfur loading and shows excellent rate performance and cyclability. The fabricated LSB with the CS (2 wt %)-CNF/S cathode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 804 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 over 200 cycles of the charge−discharge cycle after the rate capability study. Further, the CS (2 wt %)-CNF/S cathode delivers a remarkable specific capacity of 1190 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 and 865 mAh g −1 after 400 cycles at a high current rate of 1 A g −1 . This study paves an innovative way to synthesize scalable and cost-effective procedures for developing an excellent carbon nanofiber-based free-standing flexible cathode matrix for high-performance LSBs with higher sulfur loading for commercial adoption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candle Soot-Embedded Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a Flexible and Free-Standing Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Cherian,

Kishore,

Reddy

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…[174][175][176] However, problems such as the low conductivity of S and Li 2 S, and the shuttle effect which means the loss of S as a result of their dissolution and migration in ether-based electrolyte, as well as the large volume changes lead to low reversible capacity and short cycling life, which need to be solved before their practical application. 59,177,178 Designing 1D conned electrode materials within a carbon layer can be one of the most effective strategies to combat these problems. Specically, the energy density can be greatly increased by loading considerable sulphur in the cavity of the 1D conned structure.…”

Section: Energy Storage Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

1D confined materials synthesized via a coating method for thermal catalysis and energy storage applications

Yuan

Lin

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Therefore, alternate electrode materials and battery chemistry are urgently needed. For this purpose, sulfur with a high capacity of 1675 mAh g –1 (S) (as a cathode) and lithium (Li) (as an anode) with a high capacity of 3880 mAh g –1 and lowest redox potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) can be combined for high-energy-density Li–S batteries. ,− However, the distribution of lithium reserves is limited worldwide to some regions, which causes higher costs. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalently Confined Sulfur Composite with Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose as an Efficient Cathode Matrix for High-Performance Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

Bharti

Pathak

Anjan

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Although the development of potassium−sulfur batteries (KSBs) is in the nascent stage, KSBs draw keen interest as they offer a few unique advantages over Li− and Na−sulfur battery systems, including lower cost and highest ionic mobility of K + ions. However, shuttling of intermediate polysulfides and the insulating nature of sulfur result in poor utilization of the active material and significant capacity loss during cycling. In this study, we overcome these critical issues of KSBs by developing an active cathode material as a covalently confined sulfur composite with carbon derived from a sustainable precursor (bacterial cellulose) (hereinafter referred to as CCS@CBC). The synthesis temperature of CCS@CBC is varied from 150 to 450 °C to achieve the optimal covalent fixing of sulfur in the carbon matrix verified by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The increase in the synthesis temperature of CCS@CBC ensures proper covalent confinement of sulfur with the carbon matrix that facilitates the relieving of the shuttle effect as revealed in the electrochemical performance of as-prepared KSBs. The CCS@CBC prepared at 450 °C delivers an impressive initial capacity of 615 mAh g −1 and retains 383 mAh g −1 after 250 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g −1 . Furthermore, the rate-capability and the self-discharge tests reveal the superior performance of CCS@CBC at 450 °C compared to lower synthesis temperature. A higher sulfur loading (2.5 mg cm −2 ) electrode is also tested to evaluate the commercial aspect. The first-principles calculations are also performed to investigate the interaction of the host material with polysulfides to better understand the experimental findings. The outcome of this study can be helpful in the future development of high-performance KSBs.

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Internment of polysulfide in fractal carbon structure for high rate lithium-sulfur batteries

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Candle Soot-Embedded Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a Flexible and Free-Standing Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Candle Soot-Embedded Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a Flexible and Free-Standing Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

1D confined materials synthesized via a coating method for thermal catalysis and energy storage applications

Covalently Confined Sulfur Composite with Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose as an Efficient Cathode Matrix for High-Performance Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

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