Interoperability and Integration in Future Production Systems

Real time response (RTR): Conceptualizing a smart systems approach to destination resilience

“…When viewed as an expanding eco-system, tourism systems involve rising crossboundary interdependency of resources, governed by (hyper) complex networks of stakeholders and involved in the delivery of highly interconnected products, services and offerings (Gretzel, Werthner, et al, 2015;Howie, 2003). The tourism product, is an amalgamation of core products offered by organizations to tourists within a well-defined ecosystem (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005).…”

“…However, changes within one system can propel adaptation in the other which can, in some cases, be problematic. Loose integration (coupling) and the demonstration of mindfulness in interoperability settings can provide greater support as systems evolve (Huemer et al, 2018). Within loose coupled systems, independent elements are distinct or separate from one another, yet demonstrates proactivity and responsiveness allowing it to maintain flexibility and stability in its response (Boley & Chang, 2007;Hein et al, 2018, July).…”