Interoperable Visualization of 3d City Models Using Ogc’s Standard 3d Portrayal Service

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The demand of serving large 3D spatial data, mainly of urban areas, reflects the need of hierarchical data structures for 3D data. During the last years the OGC community standard I3S (Indexed 3d Scene Layer, ESRI) and 3D Tiles (Analytical Graphics, Inc.) emerged in order to deal with this challenge. Conceptually, hierarchical structures for 3D data operate similarly to web map tiles, differing only in the implementation. Although 3D hierarchical formats can transmit arbitrary sized geospatial data, they are not interoperable with consuming/visualization technologies on the client. A series of prototype implementations focus on rendering of hierarchical organized massive 3D data in various web client technologies employing the 3D Portrayal Service. As a result, the user can query a scene via the 3D Portrayal Service by specifying a spatial region, rather than a specific resource via a URI. The result is delivered either using I3S or 3D Tiles as a data delivery format, depending on which data is available for the specified region. The client APIs are capable of rendering either the I3S or the 3D Tiles content.</p>

A Semantically Enriched and Web-Based 3d Energy Model Visualization and Retrieval for Smart Building Implementation Using Citygml and Dynamizer Ade

“…The demand for serving large scale 3D City Models and spatial data, reflects the need of hierarchical data structures for 3D data, such as OGC I3S and OGC 3D Tiles. Although these formats can transmit arbitrary sized geospatial data, they are not interoperable with consuming and visualization on the client (Koukofikis et al, 2018).…”

“…The main goal of this report was to test and validate the interoperability of the OGC 3DPS, using 3DPS implementation instances to generate web-based visualizations with a workflow that used CityGML as data sources and 3D Tiles and I3S as data delivery formats. This report summarizes a proof-of-concept of the use of 3D Tiles and I3S as data delivery formats for the OGC 3DPS interface standard (Koukofikis et al, 2018). It should be noted that the commercial solutions for sharing 3D content using the I3S as a data delivery format is the ArcGIS Scene service, which is provided via the ArcGIS server of ESRI.…”

Exploring Schemes for Visualizing Urban Wind Fields Based on CFD Simulations by Employing Ogc Standards

“…Furthermore, the importance and usefulness of the 3DPS was shown in Koukofikis et al (2018). 3D hierarchical formats can transmit arbitrary sized geospatial data; however, they are not interoperable with visualization technologies on the client.…”

3d Geospatial Database Schema for Istanbul 3d City Model

“…There are several studies that have been carried out on Georocket as a database solution. One of the studies such as by Koukofikis, Coors, & Gutbell (2018), they conducted an investigation on the interoperable visualization of 3D city models for rendering of hierarchical organized massive 3D data (CityGML) in various web client which are requested via the 3D Portrayal Service queries. Santhanavanich et al, (2018) studied on the integration and visualization of heterogeneous sensor data and geospatial information has utilised Georocket GeoToolbox tool to convert the data into Cesium 3D Tile format for visualisation purposes.…”

“…The data-flow from GeoRocket to the visualized 3D Tiles, which are requested via the 3D Portrayal Service queries (source:Koukofikis et al, 2018) …”