This chapter traces the history of communication competence as a concept and area of inquiry in the communication discipline. As a socio-psychological concept, competence was first examined by researchers in the early and middle 20 th century, and has maintained a central place in both research and instruction since that time. The chapter describes the concept's evolution over the years, highlights significant historical milestones in the educational setting, and outlines definitional issues and the manner in which communication competence has influenced scholarship in other fields of study. An international and intercultural perspective on communication competence and recommendations for future scholarly inquiry conclude the chapter.Communication competence is similar to good art and pornography. Everyone knows it when they see it, but when pressed, they may have a difficult time describing what it is, exactly. It is not for want of trying. Over the past fifty years, scholars in the discipline of communication have written dozens of books and articles about communication competence, and the concept has evolved, expanded, and come to occupy a central place in the hearts and minds of communication scholars the world over (Rickheit and Strohner 2008).Indeed, as we shall see later in this chapter and in this volume, the concept has spread to many other fields and disciplinary areas of inquiry. This spread is a reflection of the centrality of spoken symbolic interaction in the lives and professions of literally every human being. While it is not the purpose of this chapter to provide a rationale for the importance of the instruction in communication (that was done earlier in Morreale and Pearson 2008), it is easy to find evidence that scholars across disciplines recognize the importance of communication and competence. One survey among business leaders revealed that a clear majority of employers believe that colleges and universities should place more emphasis on communication skills, critical thinking and analytical skills, and applied knowledge in real-world settings (Hart Research Associates 2013). Other national studies concur by pointing to the importance of instruction about the critical business communication skills needed in organizations and the workplace (Conrad and Newberry Brought to you by | Stockholms Universitet Authenticated Download Date | 10/10/15 1:59 AM