Interpersonal mood induction: Situational and individual determinants

Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: Processes and potential research avenues

“…Both symptoms and behaviors of the depressed individual have been suggested to be sufficient to cause interpersonal conflicts, which may generate symptoms capable of contributing to the development of a chronic condition. In fact, people who interact with depressed individuals, compared to nondepressed individuals, express more negative statements than positive ones (Gotlib & Robinson, 1982;Howes & Hokanson, 1979), report experiencing more negative feelings (Coyne, 1976a;Marks & Hammen, 1982), perceive themselves as being less skillful (Gotlib & Meltzer, 1987), and are less inclined to interact again with other depressed people (Coyne, 1976b;Howes & Hokanson, 1979). On the other hand, depressed individuals have a tendency to attribute negative intentions to the behavior of significant others (Horneffer & Fincham, 1995), which can lead them to underevaluate the support received from them or to perceive it negatively.…”

Depression socialization within friendship groups at the transition to adolescence: The roles of gender and group centrality as moderators of peer influence.

“…Although the idea of depression socialization represents only an intermediary step in a larger etiological model (Coyne, 1976a), it has generated a considerable amount of research in its own right. Early experimental tests of the socialization hypothesis found that, relative to participants encountering nondepressed controls, participants who had phone conversations with depressed outpatients (Coyne, 1976b) and brief social interactions with depressed confederates in the laboratory (Hammen & Peters, 1978; Marks & Hammen, 1982) reported elevated levels of depressed affect.…”

A prospective test of an integrative interpersonal theory of depression: A naturalistic study of college roommates.

“…This question has touched off the search for potential moderator variables which may qualify the magnitude of the depression-rejection relationship. Examples include the depressed person's self-disclosure, self-blame, and aid seeking (Gotlib & Beatty, 1985;Gurtman, 1987;Hokanson, Loewenstein, Hedeen, & Howes, 1986;Jacobson & Anderson, 1982;Lynn & Bates, 1985;Stephens, Hokanson, & Welker, 1987); the helping behavior and aggressive-competitive responses of those who are paired with the depressed person (Blumberg & Hokanson, 1983;Hokanson et al, 1989;Marks & Hammen, 1982;Sacco et al, 1985); and discrepant power roles within a depressed target-nondepressed participant dyad (Hokanson, Sacco, Blumberg, & Landrum, 1980). Recently, Joiner, Alfano, and Metalsky (1992) examined what they viewed as the central moderator specified in Coyne's (1976b) theory-reassurance seeking as to whether significant others truly care.…”