Interpersonal Neural Entrainment during Early Social Interaction

Wass, Sam; Whitehorn, Megan; Haresign, Ira Marriott; Phillips, Emily; Leong, Victoria

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.006

Cited by 134 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Finally, affectionate touch may provide a unique and essential path to achieving synchrony during parent-infant interactions. Synchrony is the interpersonal coordination of behavioral and neurophysiological rhythms, a normative early-life experience that advances sensory processing, potentiates learning, regulates emotions and arousal, and promotes a stable attachment bond between the infant and her caregiver (Harrist and Waugh, 2002;Beebe et al, 2010;Wass et al, 2020). To facilitate synchrony, parents are primed to express a range of behaviors from the time of their infant's birth, including infant directed speech, gaze, positive affect, and touch (Feldman, 2012).…”

Section: A Role For Touch In Parent-infant Interactional Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Affectionate Caregiver Touch in Early Neurodevelopment and Parent–Infant Interactional Synchrony

Carozza

Leong

2021

Front. Neurosci.

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Though rarely included in studies of parent–infant interactions, affectionate touch plays a unique and vital role in infant development. Previous studies in human and rodent models have established that early and consistent affectionate touch from a caregiver confers wide-ranging and holistic benefits for infant psychosocial and neurophysiological development. We begin with an introduction to the neurophysiological pathways for the positive effects of touch. Then, we provide a brief review of how affectionate touch tunes the development of infant somatosensory, autonomic (stress regulation), and immune systems. Affective touch also plays a foundational role in the establishment of social affiliative bonds and early psychosocial behavior. These touch-related bonding effects are known to be mediated primarily by the oxytocin system, but touch also activates mesocorticolimbic dopamine and endogenous opioid systems which aid the development of social cognitive processes such as social learning and reward processing. We conclude by proposing a unique role for affectionate touch as an essential pathway to establishing and maintaining parent-infant interactional synchrony at behavioral and neural levels. The limitations of the current understanding of affectionate touch in infant development point to fruitful avenues for future research.

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Section: A Role For Touch In Parent-infant Interactional Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Affectionate Caregiver Touch in Early Neurodevelopment and Parent–Infant Interactional Synchrony

Carozza

Leong

2021

Front. Neurosci.

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“…For example, researchers interested in understanding of early emotion regulation could annotate—or potentially automatically detect markers of—frame-by-frame changes in mother and child affect, gaze, and patterns of touching to examine real-time strategies mothers utilize to regulate children’s distress and their impacts on subsequent soothing (see, e.g., Ye et al, 2012 ; Kim and Clements, 2015 ; de Barbaro et al, n.d. ). These annotations could be further synchronized with heart rate or electrical brain signals ( de Barbaro et al, 2017 ; Wass et al, 2019 ) to examine concurrent physiological regulation, or to assess whether individual differences in physiology might moderate the impacts of mothers’ regulation efforts.…”

Section: Module 2: Getting To Know Your Data: Visualization Of High-dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Structure in Time: Visualizing and Analyzing Behavioral Time Series

Barbaro

Abney

et al. 2020

Front. Psychol.

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The temporal structure of behavior contains a rich source of information about its dynamic organization, origins, and development. Today, advances in sensing and data storage allow researchers to collect multiple dimensions of behavioral data at a fine temporal scale both in and out of the laboratory, leading to the curation of massive multimodal corpora of behavior. However, along with these new opportunities come new challenges. Theories are often underspecified as to the exact nature of these unfolding interactions, and psychologists have limited ready-to-use methods and training for quantifying structures and patterns in behavioral time series. In this paper, we will introduce four techniques to interpret and analyze high-density multi-modal behavior data, namely, to: (1) visualize the raw time series, (2) describe the overall distributional structure of temporal events (Burstiness calculation), (3) characterize the non-linear dynamics over multiple timescales with Chromatic and Anisotropic Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA), (4) and quantify the directional relations among a set of interdependent multimodal behavioral variables with Granger Causality. Each technique is introduced in a module with conceptual background, sample data drawn from empirical studies and ready-to-use Matlab scripts. The code modules showcase each technique's application with detailed documentation to allow more advanced users to adapt them to their own datasets. Additionally, to make our modules more accessible to beginner programmers, we provide a "Programming Basics" module that introduces common functions for working with behavioral timeseries data in Matlab. Together, the materials provide a practical introduction to a range of analyses that psychologists can use to discover temporal structure in high-density behavioral data.

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“…One paper even suggests that 'IBS might trigger the neural mechanism guiding social alignment' (Gvirts & Perlmutter, 2019). Similarly, a recent review on EEG hyperscanning suggests that the entrainment between interacting brains might contribute to early learning (Wass et al, 2020). It has been suggested that hyperscanning measures might allow us to diagnose developmental and psychiatric disorders (Leong & Schilbach, 2019) and that using brain stimulation to impose INS on participants might even treat such disorders (Gvirts & Perlmutter, 2019).…”

Section: A Brief Review Of Fnirs Hyperscanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hype, hyperscanning and embodied social neuroscience

Hamilton¹

2020

Preprint

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Hyperscanning has been hailed as a game-changing method which will allow us to understand the neuroscience of multi-person social interactions and create ‘second person neuroscience’. Here, I present a critical review of fNIRS hyperscanning studies, examining what they can and cannot tell us about social neuroscience. A key problem is that many current hyperscanning methods cannot distinguish a pure pattern of interpersonal coherence from effects driven by a common input. Limited data on participant behaviour during testing sessions compounds this problem, because it is not clear what behaviours might mediate the brain coherence patterns that are reported. Some studies respond to this problem by retreating from strong cognitive interpretations of hyperscanning data and measuring how overall levels of coherence differ with individual factors (such as age, gender, social relationships between people or clinical diagnosis). Here, I suggest that there is a better way to analyse and interpret hyperscanning studies. By tracking behaviour in detail, and analysing behaviour and brain activity patterns together, it will be possible to define what types of action, perception and mutual prediction arising in the interaction of two or more people can lead to coherent brain signals and why. This approach acknowledges that social brains are embodied and that coherent brain activity arises from the social behaviour of two people in an interaction. By integrating our study of the social brain and social behaviour, we will be able to strengthen the science of both.

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Interpersonal Neural Entrainment during Early Social Interaction

Cited by 134 publications

References 108 publications

The Role of Affectionate Caregiver Touch in Early Neurodevelopment and Parent–Infant Interactional Synchrony

The Role of Affectionate Caregiver Touch in Early Neurodevelopment and Parent–Infant Interactional Synchrony

Finding Structure in Time: Visualizing and Analyzing Behavioral Time Series

Hype, hyperscanning and embodied social neuroscience

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