INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION BETWEEN INTIMATES An Integrative Review

Sillars, Alan L.; Scott, Michael D.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00009.x

Cited by 145 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 77 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This effect is referred to as bias. Bias, as it is understood in the person perception literature, does not inherently imply error; but can have accuracyenhancing effects 23,28) as is the case when individuals do not always have all the information they need to make a judgment about a partner's feelings and experiences 27) . For this reason, we expect a positive relationship between self-and partner-ratings of work-family conflict but not a high overlap between both ratings.…”

Section: Bakker Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan

Shimazu

Bakker

Demerouti

2009

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How Job Demands Affect an IntimatePartner: A Test of the Spillover-Crossover Model in Japan: Akihito SHIMAZU, et al. Department of Mental Health, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine-Objectives: The present study examined how job demands affect an intimate partner's well-being. We hypothesized that job demands have a negative influence on partner well-being through the experience of work-family conflict (WFC) and an impaired quality of the relationship (reduced social support and increased social undermining towards the partner). Methods: The participants of this study were 99 couples of dual-earner parents in Japan. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, men's job demands (i.e. overload and emotional demands) were positively related to their own reports of WFC, and indirectly to women's ratings of men's WFC. Consequently, women's ratings of men's WFC were negatively related to the quality of the relationship (i.e. decreased social support from and increased social undermining by men), which, in turn, led to women's ill-health (i.e. depressive symptoms and physical complaints). We found similar findings for the model starting with women's job demands; gender did not affect the strength of the relationships in the model. Conclusions: These findings suggest that high job demands initiate a process of work-family conflict and poor relationship quality, which may eventually affect the intimate partner's well-being in an unfavorable way. Research has suggested that Japanese employees are highly committed to their work 1) . Indeed, the Japanese work longer hours than employees in most other industrial nations 2) . These long work hours may become a problem for employees' intimate relationships with their partners when efforts to fulfill the demands of work interfere with the ability to fulfill the demands of the roles as a spouse, parent, or caregiver 3) . The present study among Japanese dual-earner couples will focus on the impact of job demands on partner wellbeing. Specifically, we will examine whether high job demands may initiate a process of work-family conflict and consequently affect the quality of the relationship (i.e., increased social undermining and reduced social support provided to an intimate partner), which eventually affects partner well-being in an unfavorable way. We will use the recently formulated Spillover-Crossover model 3,4) to test our hypotheses.The Spillover-Crossover model Earlier studies have identified two different ways in which strain is carried over from the work to the family domain 5,6) . Work-family conflict or spillover is a withinperson across-domains transmission of demands and consequent strain from one area of life to another. Previous research has primarily focused on how experiences in the work domain are transferred to and interfere with the non-work domain for the same individual 7) . In contrast, crossover involves transmission across individuals, whereby demands and their consequent strain have effects on between closely related persons 6) . Thus...

show abstract

Section: Bakker Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan

Shimazu

Bakker

Demerouti

2009

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an important early literature review, Sillars and Scott (1983) noted that, in studies of couples engaged in conflict interactions, married partners who are closer and happier actually display less empathic accuracy than those who are not. In 4 related research, Sillars et al (1984) found that more negative statements and more negative vocal tones were expressed by spouses who more accurately discerned how their partner assessed the importance of the problems being discussed.…”

Section: A Test Of the Empathic Accuracy Model In Marital Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When accuracy hurts, and when it helps: A test of the empathic accuracy model in marital interactions

Simpson¹,

Orina²,

Ickes³

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study tested predictions from Simpson's (1997, 2001) empathic accuracy model. Married couples were videotaped as they tried to resolve a problem in their marriage.Both spouses then viewed a videotape of the interaction, recorded the thoughts and feelings they had at specific time-points, and tried to infer their partner's thoughts and feelings. Consistent with the model, when the partner's thoughts and feelings were relationship-threatening (as rated by both the partners and by trained observers), greater empathic accuracy on the part of the perceiver was associated with pre-to-posttest declines in the perceiver's feelings of subjective closeness. The reverse was true when the partner's thoughts and feelings were non-threatening.Exploratory analyses revealed that these effects were partially mediated through observer-ratings of the degree to which partners tried to avoid the discussion issue.3 When Accuracy Hurts, and When It Helps: A Test of the Empathic Accuracy Model in Marital InteractionsPrevious research has uncovered an apparent paradox about the relation between empathic accuracy and relationship quality. The results of some studies indicate that empathic understanding is positively correlated with relationship quality and functioning (e.g., Kahn, 1970; Noller, 1980;Noller & Ruzzene, 1991; Noller & Vernardos, 1986). However, the results of other studies reveal a negative correlation (e.g., Floyd, 1988;Gottman, 1979; Kowalik & Gotlib, 1987;Sillars, Pike, Jones, & Murphy, 1984;Simpson, Ickes, & Blackstone, 1995). It is this apparent paradox that the present study was designed to address.Evidence showing that heightened empathic accuracy can have positive effects on relationships comes from several sources. Relative to unhappily married couples, happy couples are more accurate at identifying both the kind of affect experienced by their partners during conflict resolution discussions as well as their partners' specific goals and intentions (Noller & Ruzzene, 1991). Satisfied married couples also report less discrepant interpretations of their partners' nonverbal communications during conversations than do less satisfied couples (Kahn, 1970). And non-distressed couples tend to exhibit better empathic understanding than clinically distressed couples do (Gottman, 1979).Definitive conclusions, however, cannot be drawn from these findings because other research indicates that-at least in some situations-greater empathic accuracy is associated with poorer relationship functioning and outcomes. In an important early literature review, Sillars and Scott (1983) noted that, in studies of couples engaged in conflict interactions, married partners who are closer and happier actually display less empathic accuracy than those who are not. In 4 related research, Sillars et al. (1984) found that more negative statements and more negative vocal tones were expressed by spouses who more accurately discerned how their partner assessed the importance of the problems being discussed.To explain these puzzling findi...

show abstract

“…In writing about the relationship between agreement and accuracy in marital dyads, Sillars et al (1984) feel that accuracy may be confounded with agreement through projection of one's own views on the other and various response sets. In the case of work dyads there is no empirical evidence about the role of projection per se, however the present study presents evidence for the first time that…”

Section: Implications Of Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on findings in their work with marital dyads, Sillars et al (1984), claim that agreement within a dyad is confounded in some ways with accuracy in predicting the partner's perception. For example, they maintain that, "Couples who have a high level of agreement may guess one another's response via projection or the imputation of a similar response to the partner" (Sillars et al 1984, p. 319).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual correspondence in the superior-subordinate work dyad

Sager¹

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the present investigation was to provide a clearer understanding of how various levels of perceptual correspondence are associated with one another and with performance appraisal.Specifically, the present study focused on the variable of accuracy in an attempt to discover its relative importance to performance appraisal. Also of interest was the relationship between accuracy and agreement. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAs I complete this study, there are several people to whom I feel gratitude.

show abstract

INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION BETWEEN INTIMATES An Integrative Review

Cited by 145 publications

References 77 publications

How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan

How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan

When accuracy hurts, and when it helps: A test of the empathic accuracy model in marital interactions

Perceptual correspondence in the superior-subordinate work dyad

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About