Interpersonal Violence Against Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals with Disabilities

Lund, Emily M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52612-2_15

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Autistic transgender, non-binary, and genderqueer participants were signi cantly more likely to experience sexual violence than autistic cisgender males 37 , and reported severe gendered harassment, exclusion, and threats 92 . These ndings re ect those found among disabled 93,94 and general population research 50,95,96 indicating the heightened vulnerability of gender minorities across various forms of violence. Our ndings are preliminary, but concerning, and warrant further investigation into the nature and risk of violence among autistic gender marginalised groups.…”

Section: Gendersupporting

confidence: 75%

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autistic Experiences of Interpersonal Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cooke

Ridgway

Westrupp

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Interpersonal violence is a widespread yet understudied issue in autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, ‘autism’). While the multiple minority stress model suggests gender marginalised groups (e.g., females, transgender, non-binary) are at greater risk, research investigating this model among autistic populations is limited. The current review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with interpersonal violence among autistic individuals of varying gender identities. Methods: A systematic database search identified 42 studies examining: (1) a combination of physical, sexual, or psychological violence; (2) physical violence; (3) sexual violence; (4) psychological violence; (5) traditional bullying; (6) cyberbullying; and (7) homicide among autistic people across all age groups and support needs levels, compared by gender. A random-effects meta-analysis with pooled data from 13 eligible studies was undertaken, comprising 4,498 participants (males n = 3,472; females n = 1,026) aged between 2 to 56 years. Results: Analyses indicated overall violence prevalence is increased among females compared to males, d = 0.44, p < .001; 95% CI [0.24, 0.65], across all ages and support needs levels. The largest effect was for childhood maltreatment and negative social events during adulthood, d = 1.07, p < .05, [0.20, 1.93]. Narrative synthesis of 37 studies indicated autistic people were significantly more likely to be victimised by carers and peers compared to non-autistic people. Key risk factors included belonging to a gender or racial minority, having co-occurring mental health issues, and coming from a low-income household. Limitations: The generalisability of findings was limited by the shortage of literature about autistic experiences of violence not involving bullying, participants with high needs, and participants outside of the binary gender. This may also contribute to the high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 87%) found. Conclusions: The results of this review and meta-analysis indicate that interpersonal violence is a pressing issue among autistic people, who appear to face concerningly high rates of victimisation and poly-victimisation across the life course, particularly among multiply marginalised people (i.e., gender, race, mental health, economic). This underscores the importance of exploring violence from an intersectional perspective, across individual and societal contexts, providing support for multiple minority theory.

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Section: Gendersupporting

confidence: 75%

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autistic Experiences of Interpersonal Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cooke

Ridgway

Westrupp

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Research has shown that people with autism, especially people who are assigned female at birth, have greater diversity in their sexual and gender expression (Dewinter et al 2017) than their neurotypical peers. Despite a paucity of robust research investigating people with disabilities who are also gender or sexual minorities, Lund (2021) has found that people with disabilities who are also gender and sexual minorities may be at particular risk of sexual violence. There appears to be a very complex relationship between gender, sexuality, race, and disability that makes gender minorities, sexual minorities, and ethnic minorities targets of sexual exploitation and violence at higher rates when that person also has a disability (Brown 2017).…”

Section: Contributions and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a social-sexual education program for adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities: starting the discussion

Pedgrift

Sparapani

2022

Sex Disabil

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People with neurodevelopmental disabilities, including intellectual disabilities and autism, want to have relationships but few are given the tools and opportunity to create those relationships in a safe and meaningful way. This strong desire to have relationships, coupled with reduced access to information, puts people with neurodevelopmental disabilities at high risk for being targets of sexual abuse and exploitation, as well as demonstrating social-sexual behavior that is unexpected or offensive to others. Research has long demonstrated that people with intellectual disabilities are sexually assaulted at much higher rates than the general population. In addition, it is common for people with intellectual disabilities and autism to miss out on employment, housing, and social opportunities due to unexpected social-sexual behaviors. To address this need, the research team developed the social-sexual education (SSE) program to teach people with neurodevelopmental disabilities how to create safe and meaningful relationships while also giving them information about sexual abuse and coercion. We recruited licensed professionals to pilot test the SSE program, and then we evaluated the tool using quantitative and qualitative methods. Our findings provide preliminary support for the SSE program. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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Examining the Intersection of Disability Status, Sexual Identity, Gender Identity, and Victimization Among College Students

Daigle,

Hancock,

Policastro

et al. 2024

Journal of School Violence

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Interpersonal Violence Against Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals with Disabilities

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autistic Experiences of Interpersonal Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Autistic Experiences of Interpersonal Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The development of a social-sexual education program for adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities: starting the discussion

Examining the Intersection of Disability Status, Sexual Identity, Gender Identity, and Victimization Among College Students

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