Interphase Death and Reproductive Death in X-Irradiated MOLT-4 Cells

Shinohara, Kunio; Nakano, Hisako

doi:10.2307/3578295

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…This is very similar to the observation when MOLT-4 cells were X-irradiated (5). Ionizing radiation on MOLT-4 cells induced G 2 /M arrest (37). Moreover, pretreatment of z-VAD-fmk inhibited the increase of dead cells at 24 h ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Cell Death in MOLT-4 Cells

et al. 2008

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Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) induces apoptosis using the caspase-dependent classical pathway in the majority of human leukemic T cells (MOLT-4). However, we found the process to cell death is only partially inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with a general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. Flow cytometric analysis using annexin V and propidium iodide showed that a 48-h CDT treatment decreased the living cell population by 35% even in the presence of z-VAD-fmk. z-VAD-fmk completely inhibited caspase activity in 24 h CDTintoxicated cells. Further, CDT with z-VAD-fmk treatment clearly increased the cell population that had a low level of intracellular reactive oxygen. This is a characteristic opposite to that of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Overexpression of bcl2 almost completely inhibited cell death using CDT treatment in the presence of z-VADfmk. The data suggest there are at least two different pathways used in CDT-induced cell death: conventional caspase-dependent (early) apoptotic cell death and caspase-independent (late) death. Both occur via the mitochondrial membrane disruption pathway.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Cell Death in MOLT-4 Cells

et al. 2008

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“…Traditionally, there are two well recognized forms of radiation-induced cell death; one is interphase death and the other is reproductive death [3][4][5]. Interphase death is usually defined as "cell death before reaching the first mitosis following to the exposure of ionizing irradiation".…”

Section: Interphase Death and Reproductive Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this model is very useful for comparing the radiation sensitivity among the different cells, it is independent of the mechanism responsible for radiation-induced cell inactivation. Recently, both modes of cell death have been proved to involve in apoptosis [3], and the importance of apoptosis as a determinant of radiation sensitivity has been claimed. There are an increasing number of reports in the literature suggesting that apoptosis plays a central role not only in interphase death but also reproductive or postmitotic mode of cell death.…”

Section: Interphase Death and Reproductive Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Shinohara and Nakano [3] reported that MOLT-4 cells underwent both interphase and reproductive death after exposure to ionizing radiation. Akagi et al [20] concluded that interphase death of MOLT-4 cells includes both nuclear changes that were characteristic of apoptosis and cytoplasmic changes that were characteristic of necrosis.…”

Section: New Concepts: 'Premitotic Apoptosis' and 'Postmitotic Apoptomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vol 5, No 3, 2001 Fig. 3 Relationship between the apoptotic fraction and cell cycle in premitotic and post mitotic apoptosis. The Sphase cells were labeled with BrdU before irradiation and the appearance of apoptotic fractions in the labeled cells was serially chased.…”

Section: Gy-irradiated Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New concepts in radiation‐induced apoptosis: ‘premitotic apoptosis’ and ‘postmitotic apoptosis’

Shinomiya

2001

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Formerly, the mechanisms responsible for the killing of cells by ionizing radiation were regarded as being divided into two distinct forms, interphase death and reproductive death. Since they were defined based on the classical radiobiological concepts using a clonogenic cell survival assay, biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms involved in the induction of radiation-induced cell death were not fully understood in relation to the modes of cell death. Recent multidisciplinary approaches to cell death mechanism have revealed that radiation-induced cell death is divided into several distinct pathways by the time course and cell-cycle position, and that apoptotic cell death plays a key role in almost every mode of cell death. This review discusses the mechanisms of radiation-induced apoptosis in relation to cellcycle progression and highlights a new concept of the mode of cell death: 'premitotic apoptosis' and 'postmitotic apoptosis'. The former is a rapid apoptotic cell death associated with a prompt activation of caspase-3, a key enzyme of intracellular signaling of apoptosis. A rapid execution of cell killing in premitotic apoptosis is presumably due to the prompt activation of a set of pre-existed molecules following DNA damages. In contrast, the latter is a delayed apoptotic cell death after cell division, and unlike premitotic apoptosis, it neither requires a rapid activation of caspase-3 nor is inhibited by a specific inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO. A downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes such as MAPK and Bcl-2 may play a key role in this mode of cell death. Characterization of these two types of apoptotic cell death regarding the cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling will greatly help to understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced apoptosis.

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Cytometry in cell necrobiology: Analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis)

et al. 1997

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The term cell necrobiology is introduced to comprise the life processes associated with morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes which predispose, precede, and accompany cell death, as well as the consequences and tissue response to cell death. Two alternative modes of cell death can be distinguished, apoptosis and accidental cell death, generally defined as necrosis. The wide interest in necrobiology in many disciplines stems from the realization that apoptosis, whether it occurs physiologically or as a manifestation of a pathological state, is an active mode of cell death and a subject of complex regulatory processes. A possibility exists, therefore, to interact with the regulatory machinery and thereby modulate the cell's propensity to die in response to intrinsic or exogenous signals. Flow cytometry appears to be the methodology of choice to study various aspects of necrobiology. It offers all the advantages of rapid, multiparameter analysis of large populations of individual cells to investigate the biological processes associated with cell death. Numerous methods have been developed to identify apoptotic and necrotic cells and are widely used in various disciplines, in particular in oncology and immunology. The methods based on changes in cell morphology, plasma membrane structure and transport function, function of cell organelles, DNA stability to denaturation, and endonucleolytic DNA degradation are reviewed and their applicability in the research laboratory and in the clinical setting is discussed. Improper use of flow cytometry in analysis of cell death and in data interpretation also is discussed. The most severe errors are due to i) misclassification of nuclear fragments and individual apoptotic bodies as single apoptotic cells, ii) assumption that the apoptotic index represents the rate of cell death, and iii) failure to confirm by microscopy that the cells classified by flow cytometry as apoptotic or necrotic do indeed show morphology consistent with this classification. It is expected that flow cytometry will be the dominant methodology for necrobiology. Cytometry 27:1–20, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Interphase Death and Reproductive Death in X-Irradiated MOLT-4 Cells

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Cell Death in MOLT-4 Cells

Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Cell Death in MOLT-4 Cells

New concepts in radiation‐induced apoptosis: ‘premitotic apoptosis’ and ‘postmitotic apoptosis’

Cytometry in cell necrobiology: Analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis)

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