Interplanetary shock triggering of nightside geomagnetic activity: Substorms, pseudobreakups, and quiescent events

Zhou, X.; Tsurutani, B. T.

doi:10.1029/2000ja003028

Cited by 171 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Pseudobreakups are known to be associated with small geomagnetic bays, less than 100 nT [e.g., Koskinen et al, 1993], suggesting that pseudobreakups may be included, along with weak substorms, in this category. They also occur during quiet geomagnetic conditions (AL, AU, and SYM-H; Figures 1l and 1n), weak solar wind flow (Figures 1c-1k), and weakly negative or positive IMF B z , consistent with weak substorm events [e.g., Zhou and Tsurutani, 2001;Kullen and Karlsson, 2004]. The average IMF B y component (Figure 1e) is shifted toward negative values, which is unexpected.…”

Section: Summary Of Trends and Variationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is often hard to distinguish between weak substorms and pseudobreakups, as pseudobreakups can often show one or more signatures of substorm onset [McPherron et al, 2008, and references therein]. Zhou and Tsurutani [2001] carried out a statistical study in which substorms, pseudobreakups, and quiescent intervals occurring after interplanetary shocks were associated with strongly southward IMF, near-zero IMF, and strongly northward IMF, respec-tively. Kullen and Karlsson [2004] studied 3 months of data containing 419 substorm events and 330 pseudobreakups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures

et al. 2011

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Section: Summary Of Trends and Variationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures

et al. 2011

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“…Many aspects of substorms, such as what triggers their onset and where, and their significance in the global ongoing processes connected with the sun, have been studied in detail. Super-substorms are particularly intense substorms that show evidence of external triggering (Zhou and Tsurutani, 2001;Tsurutani and Zhou, 2003). We investigate a process involving nonlinear microphysics and the generation of Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) associated with the onset of a super-substorm that occurred on 24 August 2005 during the main phase of a severe magnetic storm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic solitary waves in current layers: from Cluster observations during a super-substorm to beam experiments at the LAPD

Pickett

Chen

Santolı́k

et al. 2009

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) have been observed by several spacecraft in the current layers of Earth's magnetosphere since 1982. ESWs are manifested as isolated pulses (one wave period) in the high time resolution waveform data obtained on these spacecraft. They are thus nonlinear structures generated out of nonlinear instabilities and processes. We report the first observations of ESWs associated with the onset of a super-substorm that occurred on 24 August 2005 while the Cluster spacecraft were located in the magnetotail at around 18-19 R E and moving northward from the plasma sheet to the lobes. These ESWs were detected in the waveform data of the WBD plasma wave receiver on three of the Cluster spacecraft. The majority of the ESWs were detected about 5 min after the super-substorm onset during which time 1) the PEACE electron instrument Correspondence to: J. S. Pickett (pickett@uiowa.edu) detected significant field-aligned electron fluxes from a few 100 eV to 3.5 keV, 2) the EDI instrument detected bursts of field-aligned electron currents, 3) the FGM instrument detected substantial magnetic fluctuations and the presence of Alfvén waves, 4) the STAFF experiment detected broadband electric and magnetic waves, ion cyclotron waves and whistler mode waves, and 5) CIS detected nearly comparable densities of H+ and O+ ions and a large tailward H+ velocity. We compare the characteristics of the ESWs observed during this event to those created in the laboratory at the University of California-Los Angeles Plasma Device (LAPD) with an electron beam. We find that the time durations of both space and LAPD ESWs are only slightly larger than the respective local electron plasma periods, indicating that electron, and not ion, dynamics are responsible for generation of the ESWs. We have discussed possible mechanisms for generating the ESWs in space, including the beam and kinetic Buneman type instabilities and the acoustic instabilities. Future studies will examine these mechanisms in more detail using Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union and the American Geophysical Union. 432 J. S. Pickett et al.: Electrostatic solitary waves in current layers the space measurements as inputs to models, and better relate the ESW space measurements to the laboratory through PIC code models.

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“…Low-latitude magnetograms record rapid perturbations called sudden impulses (SI), or storm sudden commencements (SSC) if a geomagnetic storm follows, see (Araki, 1977;Smith et al, 1986;Araki, 1994;Lee and Hudson, 2001). Especially for the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), pressure pulses cause almost immediate and global enhancements in ionospheric currents and auroral precipitation, see (Zhou and Tsurutani, 1999;Zesta et al, 2000;Boudouridis et al, 2003;Meurant et al, 2003). In the tail lobes, sudden increases in the magnetic field have been observed on time scales from a few to ten minutes, see (Sugiura et al, 1968;Kawano et al, 1992;Collier et al, 1998;Kim et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster observations of sudden impulses in the magnetotail caused by interplanetary shocks and pressure increases

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Sudden impulses (SI) in the tail lobe magnetic field associated with solar wind pressure enhancements are investigated using measurements from Cluster. The magnetic field components during the SIs change in a manner consistent with the assumption that an antisunward moving lateral pressure enhancement compresses the magnetotail axisymmetrically. We found that the maximum variance SI unit vectors were nearly aligned with the associated interplanetary shock normals. For two of the tail lobe SI events during which Cluster was located close to the tail boundary, Cluster observed the inward moving magnetopause. During both events, the spacecraft location changed from the lobe to the magnetospheric boundary layer. During the event on 6 November 2001 the magnetopause was compressed past Cluster. We applied the 2-D Cartesian model developed by Collier et al. (1998) in which a vacuum uniform tail lobe magnetic field is compressed by a step-like pressure increase. The model underestimates the compression of the magnetic field, but it fits the magnetic field maximum variance component well. For events for which we could determine the shock normal orientation, the differences between the observed and calculated shock propagation times from the location of WIND/Geotail to the location of Cluster were small. The propagation speeds of the SIs between the Cluster spacecraft were comparable to the solar wind speed. Our results suggest that the observed tail lobe SIs are due to lateral increases in solar wind dynamic pressure outside the magnetotail boundary.

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Interplanetary shock triggering of nightside geomagnetic activity: Substorms, pseudobreakups, and quiescent events

Cited by 171 publications

References 45 publications

A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures

A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures

Electrostatic solitary waves in current layers: from Cluster observations during a super-substorm to beam experiments at the LAPD

Cluster observations of sudden impulses in the magnetotail caused by interplanetary shocks and pressure increases

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