Interplay between cost, capacity and power consumption in heterogeneous mobile networks

Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa; Markendahl, Jan; Çavdar, Çiçek

doi:10.1109/ict.2014.6845088

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For the cost of baseband processing units, we use the cost of regular LTE base stations (C base =10Ke) [44], [45]. At the end, the total CAPEX of the system is modeled as…”

Section: A Tco Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the power model, two states of the GS are considered: idle state and transmitting state. In the idle mode, the power consumption is just limited to P F = 118.7 W as also introduced in the techno-economic studies [44], [45]. The power model for the transmitting state is taken from a recent paper focusing on the energy efficiency in hybrid precoding systems [48], [49].…”

Section: A Tco Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total Cost of Ownership Optimization for Direct Air-to-Ground System Design

Dinc,

Vondra,

Cavdar

2020

Preprint

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Aircraft cabin is one of the last venues without mobile broadband. Considering future 5G applications and connectivity requirements, direct air-to-ground communications (DA2GC) is the only technique which can provide high capacity and low latency backhaul link for aircraft via a direct communication link. To this end, we propose an analytical framework to investigate the ground station deployment problem for DA2GC network employing multi-user beamforming with dual-polarized hybrid DA2GC antenna arrays. In addition, the proposed framework is utilized to analyze and optimize the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the DA2GC network to provide coverage for European airspace. We present the interplay between different network parameters: the number of ground stations, array size, transmit power and bandwidth, and TCO optimizing deployment parameters are calculated in order to satisfy capacity requirements. At the end, we show that, depending on the cost of different network resources, a terrestrial cellular network can be designed to cover the whole European airspace with limited number of ground stations with a certain array size, i.e., 900 and 361 antenna elements for ground station and air station, respectively.

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“…For the cost of baseband processing units, we use the cost of regular LTE base stations (C base =10Ke) [44], [45]. At the end, the total CAPEX of the system is modeled as…”

Section: A Tco Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Tco Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Cost of Ownership Optimization for Direct Air-to-Ground System Design

Dinc,

Vondra,

Cavdar

2020

Preprint

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“…From these studies, it is clear that the cost structure of mobile networks is dominated by the radio access network equipment. Other works (Stanley, 1996;Johansson et al, 2005Johansson et al, , 2007aJohansson et al, , 2007bGiles et al, 2004;Werner et al, 2008;Ahmed et al, 2014) have developed methodologies to evaluate the infrastructure cost and capacity of different heterogeneous radio access networks. They also provide a basis for the techno-economical modeling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost model for radio access data networks

Katsigiannis

Smura

2015

Info

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use basic economic theory to examine the relation between the demanded data traffic and the network costs for several network deployment scenarios and find the most preferable deployment strategy subject to specific constraints in near future (2015-2020). Design/methodology/approach – The paper identifies the cost structure of radio access networks and explicitly models the network costs as a function of data traffic, both in the short-run (current network) and in the long-run (future capacity expansion scenarios). In the short-run model, the operating cost of the current network is calculated, highlighting the energy cost and its dynamics. In the long-run model, assuming unchanged site infrastructure, the cost analysis provides information for decision-making on network evolution. Findings – The results show that the operating cost does not differ significantly from short- to long-run, and the energy cost constitutes a small but remarkable share (around 7 per cent) of total network operating cost. In addition, the paper concludes that the best strategy is not the most cost-efficient strategy but the one which meet the coverage requirements imposed by the regulator when the spectrum is allocated to operators. Finally, the speed of investments in urban regions is driven by the traffic growth, whereas in suburban and rural regions, it is driven by the regulator’s intervention. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the improvement of cost modeling for techno-economics by using economic theory and analyzing the energy consumption. In addition, the paper investigates real cases for mobile operators, and provides useful information for decision-making in network evolution.

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“…The BS/eNB cost C BS is assumed to be the value referenced in [38], i.e. C BS = 10, 000e, The BS installation cost, C inst = 22, 500e, is obtained by assuming 2, 500e for the radio installation plus 20, 000e for the infrastructure cost, e.g.…”

Section: Cost/revenue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic trade-off in the optimization of carrier aggregation with enhanced multi-band scheduling in LTE-Advanced scenarios

Robalo

Velez

2015

J Wireless Com Network

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This work proposes Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) integrated Common Radio Resource Management (iCRRM) for inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) between band 7 (2.6 GHz) and band 20 (800 MHz), considering bandwidths of 5 and 20 MHz. The iCRRM entity performs component carrier (CC) scheduling and increases user's quality of service and experience while considering mobile video traffic. The performance from a new enhanced multi-band scheduling (EMBS) algorithm is compared to the one from a basic multi-band scheduler (BMBS), an integer programming-based general multi-band scheduling (GMBS) and the case without CA. EMBS involves reduced optimization scheduling complexity and allows the allocation of UEs to one or both CCs simultaneously, whereas both BMBS and GMBS only support one CC per UE. Simulations results have shown that, for 5 MHz CCs and cell radius equal to 1,000 m, with EMBS and GMBS, the 3GPP and ITU-T's 1% packet loss ratio (PLR) threshold is only exceeded above 58 UEs (goodputs of 7.48 and 7.40 Mbps, respectively), while with BMBS only 54 UEs (6.9 Mbps) are supported. Without CA, the minimum obtained PLR is approximately 2%. For CCs with bandwidth of 20 MHz, only EMBS has been considered. The PLR threshold is not exceeded up to 40 users and the value of QoE raises from 2.86 (for 5-MHz bandwidth) to 3.96, while a gain of 9.56 occurs in supported goodput, increasing from 7.48 to 71.53 Mbps. Results from the cost/revenue trade-off have shown substantial improvements by using CA. Although the profit increases as the price per megabyte increases, it is verified that prices can be much lower if a bandwidth of 20 MHz is available. Assuming values for the supported goodput under the PLR ≤ 1% range and 20 MHz CCs, it has been shown that the percentage of profit decreases at a considerably higher rate (compared to 5-MHz bandwidth), due to the lower rate of decrease from the curve for costs. Considering PLR ≤ 1%, the profit curve for 20 MHz CCs at 0.001 e/MByte is similar to the one for 5 MHz CCs and price of 0.01 e/MByte for the smallest cell sizes (few hundreds of meters) but starts to decrease faster for larger cells.

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Interplay between cost, capacity and power consumption in heterogeneous mobile networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Total Cost of Ownership Optimization for Direct Air-to-Ground System Design

Total Cost of Ownership Optimization for Direct Air-to-Ground System Design

A cost model for radio access data networks

Economic trade-off in the optimization of carrier aggregation with enhanced multi-band scheduling in LTE-Advanced scenarios

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