Interplay between Interfacial Structures and Device Performance in Organic Solar Cells: A Case Study with the Low Work Function Metal, Calcium

Ju, Huanxin; Knesting, Kristina M.; Zhang, Wei; Pan, Xiaoqing; Wang, Chia‐Hsin; Yang, Yaw‐Wen; Ginger, David S.; Zhu, Junfa

doi:10.1021/acsami.5b10641

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The SRPES and XPS experiments were performed at the Catalysis and Surface Science Endstation at the BL11U beamline of National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), Hefei, China. The detailed description of the beamline and endstation can be found elsewhere [27]. The core levels of Ag 3d, N 1s, C 1s, and Pb 4f spectra were measured in situ immediately after each metal deposition with photon energies of 480 eV, 400 eV, and 200 eV, respectively, which were calibrated using the bulk Au 4f 7/2 core level located at 84.0 eV as the reference.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ investigations of interfacial degradation and ion migration at CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/Ag interface

Ding

et al. 2019

Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics

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Interfacial properties between perovskite layers and metal electrodes play a crucial role in the device performance and the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the interfacial degradation and ion migration at the interface between CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite layer and Ag electrode. Using in situ photoemission spectroscopy measurements, we found that the Ag electrode could induce the degradation of perovskite layers, leading to the formation of PbI 2 and AgI species and the reduction of Pb 2+ ions to metallic Pb species at the interface. The unconventional enhancement of the intensities of I 3d spectra provides direct experimental evidences for the migration of iodide ions from CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 subsurface to Ag electrode. Moreover, the contact of Ag electrode and perovskite layers induces an interfacial dipole of 0.3 eV at CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /Ag interfaces, which may further facilitate iodide ion diffusion, resulting in the decomposition of perovskite layers and the corrosion of Ag electrode.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ investigations of interfacial degradation and ion migration at CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/Ag interface

Ding

et al. 2019

Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Consequently, undesired charge recombination and electron quenching can occur at these interfaces. The introduction of ILs can lead to proper charge selectivity at the electrode − active layer interface, thus minimizing charge recombination and leading to improved PCE …”

Section: Role Of the Interfacial Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low WF alkali earth metals including Mg (−3.7 eV), Ba (−2.7 eV) and Ca (−2.9 eV) and alkali metal compounds such as Cs 2 CO 3 and LiF (WF < 3.0 eV) have been used extensively as the CIL to reduce the WF of the cathode for more efficient electron extraction. However, these pure metals are air‐ and moisture‐sensitive and can be easily oxidized, which significantly decreases the stability of OPV devices .…”

Section: Classes Of Materials Used In Interfacial Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of interfacial layers based on conjugated polythiophenes for polymer and hybrid solar cells

Houston

Richeter

Clément

et al. 2017

Polymer International

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In the past two decades, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have emerged as attractive candidates for solar energy conversion due to their lightweight design and potential for low‐cost, high‐throughput, solution‐phase processability. Interfacial engineering is a proven efficient approach to achieve OPV devices with high power conversion efficiencies. This mini‐review provides an overview of the key structural considerations necessary when undertaking the molecular design of conjugated polyelectrolytes, for application as interfacial layers (ILs). The different roles of ILs are outlined, together with the advantages and disadvantages of competing classes of IL materials. Particular emphasis is placed on the design and synthesis of water‐soluble polythiophene‐based IL materials and the influence of their structural characteristics on their performance as a promising class of IL material. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for polythiophenes as IL materials for OPV devices and other solution‐processed solar cell technologies (e.g. perovskite solar cells) are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] Even though most research activities have been oriented on the development of novel active layer materials with appropriate optoelectronic properties, the introduction of interlayer materials has become a widely accepted approach to further enhance the device efficiency. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] One class of interlayer materials of particular interest are conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). They can be processed from eco-friendly, orthogonal solvents, thereby preventing re-dissolution of the underlying layer during device fabrication.…”

Section: Abstract: Conjugated Polyelectrolytes; Polymer Solar Cells; mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated ionic (co)polythiophene-based cathode interlayers for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

Govaerts

Kesters

Defour

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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The incorporation of conjugated polyelectrolytes as cathode interlayers in organic photovoltaics has been proven to be an effective way to boost the device efficiency. Nevertheless, more detailed investigations of the structure-property relationships of these interlayer materials, in particular related to the film deposition behavior, can provide further insights into their mode of action. With this aim, a series of ionic (co)polythiophenes is successfully synthesized via Kumada catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization and subsequent introduction of ionic moieties on the polymer side chains. Both the topology (i.e. homopolymers, random and block copolymers) and the amount of ionic groups are systematically varied. The polymers are fully characterized and then applied as cathode interlayers in polymer solar cells based on PCDTBT:PC71BM, affording an average efficiency increase of ~15%. The structural screening on one hand indicates that the efficiency gain is a rather general phenomenon for this material class. On the other hand, the best photovoltaic responses are observed for the conjugated polyelectrolytes with a higher triethylene glycol side chain ratio and the block copolymer structure performs slightly better as compared to the random copolymer with the same (50/50) monomer ratio. Based on these findings, the field can move on to a more rational development of novel interfacial materials and thereby push the device efficiency even further.

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Interplay between Interfacial Structures and Device Performance in Organic Solar Cells: A Case Study with the Low Work Function Metal, Calcium

Cited by 41 publications

References 54 publications

In situ investigations of interfacial degradation and ion migration at CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/Ag interface

In situ investigations of interfacial degradation and ion migration at CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/Ag interface

Molecular design of interfacial layers based on conjugated polythiophenes for polymer and hybrid solar cells

Conjugated ionic (co)polythiophene-based cathode interlayers for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

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