Interplay between Neuroimmunoendocrine Systems during Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Minireview

Bauer, Moisés Evandro; Wieck, Andréa; Lopes, Rodrigo Pestana; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio; Grassi‐Oliveira, Rodrigo

doi:10.1159/000258721

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…PTSD patients do have activation of innate immune responses and a low-grade systemic proinflammatory state [84] with increased circulating proinflammatory markers [85] and cytokine serum levels positively related to PTSD scores [86]. …”

Section: Ptsd-related Risk Factors For Cardiometabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiometabolic Disease

Levine¹,

Levine

Levine³

2013

Cardiology

133

118

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The need for addressing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among combat veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq is a growing public health concern. Current PTSD management addresses psychiatric parameters of this condition. However, PTSD is not simply a psychiatric disorder. Traumatic stress increases the risk for inflammation-related somatic diseases and early mortality. The metabolic syndrome reflects the increased health risk associated with combat stress and PTSD. Obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease are prevalent among PTSD patients. However, there has been little appreciation for the need to address these somatic PTSD comorbidities. Medical professionals treating this vulnerable population should screen patients for cardiometabolic risk factors and avail themselves of existing preventive diet, exercise, and pharmacologic modalities that will reduce such risk factors and improve overall long-term health outcomes and quality of life. There is the promise that cardiometabolic preventive therapy complementing psychiatric intervention may, in turn, help improve the posttraumatic stress system dysregulation and favorably impact psychiatric and neurologic function.

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Section: Ptsd-related Risk Factors For Cardiometabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiometabolic Disease

Levine¹,

Levine

Levine³

2013

Cardiology

133

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Skelton et al (2012), Bauer et al (2010), Jovanovic et al (2010), Nowotny et al (2010) having demonstrated that trauma induces neurochemical responses with large time spectrum effect including the magnitude of 7/20 catecholamine and cortisol as Bowirrat et al (2010) exposed, andWu et al (2013) at this subject pointed the interest of the neurobiological systems of resilience research trough comparative studies with trauma exposed individuals whom developed PTSD and those who didn't. Feder, Nestler & Charney (2010) pointed the necessity to study neural circuits that could be underlined resilience aiming the construction of new interventional models, as those illustrated by recent studies based in real-time fMRI, demonstrating the possibility of an individual to perform adequate training and regulate his own brain activity.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience psychophysiology: preventing breakdown the biomarkers that could enhance resilience and breakdown prevention.

Nobre¹,

Castro²,

Briegas³

2018

Revista INFAD de Psicología

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SUMMARYIntroduction: This paper draws a research project that aims to understand the psychophysiological gymnastics necessary to cope with the trauma's "pathosplastic gymnastic", elucidating the successful or adaptation magic of resilient individuals. As study justification we point motivation and curiosity to obtain an assertive answer to the question: How and Why individuals exposed to dramatic life events didn't develop PTSD or any psychopathological symptom but reveal their adaptive magic? This answer could not only enlightening protector, vulnerability and risk factors but also if this extraordinary individuals have a singular biology that enable us to find if resilience has a pattern of biomarkers which could provide the interventional tools to promote resilience and prevent breakdown, monitoring psychophysiology of resilience and consequently promote Health and Well-Being.Keywords: Resilience, Prevention, Biomarkers, Pharmacotherapy. PREVIOUS CONSIDERATIONSDefinitely the argument to bring to light the psychophysiology of resilience, it's the potentiality to promote Well-being and provide most effective insight about the extraordinary body of resilient individuals "what are made of" and "how it recovers homeostasis or balances itself" and knowing that exists already in the market oxytocin nasal spray and scientific literature indicates benefits of using it for PTSD (Eidelman-Rothman et al, 2015) and other disorders as autism spectrum, schizophrenia and depression (Barraza et al, 2013), we aim to contribute with this research project to the development of new pharmacotherapy and new benefits of use of those existing.

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“…experience of a traumatic event) can disrupt the correct function and communication of these two systems [7]. While cytokines are found to be potent stimulators of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and thus activate the HPA axis activity, the HPA axis activation suppresses the activity of cytokines [8].…”

Section: Altered Hpa Axis Function and Impaired Leukocyte Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low-grade inflammation phenomenon could also be connected with increased morbidity observed in PTSD [7,27,28]. Evidence linking cardiovascular/autoimmune diseases and exposure to psychological trauma is particularly strong and has been found consistently across different populations and stressor events.…”

Section: Immune Imbalance: Evidence For Low-grade Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Long-Term Implications of Childhood Maltreatment

Wieck¹,

Grassi‐Oliveira²,

Prado³

et al. 2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Childhood maltreatment has been linked to enhanced vulnerability to psychiatric pathologies in adult life, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous works have reported cogent neuroendocrine and immune changes related to adult traumatic events (war survivors, refugees, etc.), but little information is known regarding the impact of early-life stress (ELS) in adult physiology. Here, we review the neuroendocrine and immunological changes commonly observed in PTSD, focusing on the long-term implications of ELS. Childhood maltreatment may lead to altered glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, resulting in hypo- or hypercortisolemia, and reciprocal changes in peripheral leukocyte sensitivity to GC. It is believed that these neuroendocrine changes are correlated with the immune imbalance phenomenon (low-grade inflammation), characterized by increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and C-reactive protein. Changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets are also documented, such as a reduction in regulatory T cells and an expansion of activated T cells. The excess of circulating cytokines may thus interfere with key brain neurotransmitter pathways involved in depression and enhanced risk to cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recent gene-environment and epigenetic findings have indicated potential molecular mechanisms linking ELS, neuroendocrine and immunity in PTSD.

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Interplay between Neuroimmunoendocrine Systems during Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Minireview

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiometabolic Disease

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiometabolic Disease

Resilience psychophysiology: preventing breakdown the biomarkers that could enhance resilience and breakdown prevention.

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Long-Term Implications of Childhood Maltreatment

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