Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance

Goldin, Andrea Paula; Sigman, Mariano; Braier, Gisela; Golombék, Diego A.; Leone, María Juliana

doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0820-2

Cited by 92 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Most prior research investigating effects of circadian rhythms on school performance, motivation and engagement has targeted individual variation among adolescents in terms of e.g. their chronotype and/or hours of sleep ( Curcio et al , 2006 ; Dewald et al , 2010 ; Preckel et al , 2011 ; Roeser et al , 2013 ; Short et al , 2013 ; Vollmer et al , 2013 ; Okano et al , 2019 ; Goldin et al , 2020 ). Unfortunately, we did not have access to this information from the students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morning brain: real-world neural evidence that high school class times matter

Dikker

Haegens

Bevilacqua

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Researchers, parents, and educators consistently observe a stark mismatch between biologically preferred and socially imposed sleep-wake hours in adolescents, fueling debate about high school start times. We contribute neural evidence to this debate with electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected from high school students during their regular morning, mid-morning and afternoon classes. Overall, student alpha power was lower when class content was taught via videos than through lectures. Students’ resting state alpha brain activity decreased as the day progressed, consistent with adolescents being least attentive early in the morning. During the lessons, students showed consistently worse performance and higher alpha power for early morning classes than for mid-morning classes, while afternoon quiz scores and alpha levels varied. Together, our findings demonstrate that both class activity and class time are reflected in adolescents’ brain states in a real-world setting, and corroborate educational research suggesting that mid-morning may be the best time to learn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For teenagers, various factors connected to sleep (e.g. sleep time, circadian rhythms and sleep loss) are shown to influence levels of focus, alertness and mood, both within and outside of laboratory contexts ( Wolfson and Carskadon, 1998 ; Preckel et al , 2011 ; Short et al , 2013 ; Goldin et al , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morning brain: real-world neural evidence that high school class times matter

Dikker

Haegens

Bevilacqua

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…Chronotype has been found to influence academic performance and mental health. College age students who align class times with chronotype can significantly improve academic performance with morning chronotypes performing best in morning classes and evening chronotypes performing best in evening classes (Ferguson et al, 2018;Goldin, Sigman, Braier, Golombek, & Leone, 2020). Morning chronotypes spend more time reading and engaging in physical activity, while evening chronotypes spend more time on screens.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Chronotype and Grit on Lifestyle and Physical Activity

Allee

Anderson

Bloom

et al. 2020

BHAC

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Background: The chronotype of a person refers to an individual's natural sleep-wake cycle and whether that individual prefers morning or evening activities, and grit is an individual's perseverance and passion for long-term goals.Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between grit, chronotype, physical activity, and leading a healthy lifestyle in college-age students.Methods: Health and fitness data (i.e., chronotype, grit, lifestyle assessment score, and daily steps) from 431 first-semester university students at a private college were collected and analyzed. Results: This study found that grit and chronotype both have significant correlations with living a healthy lifestyle and with physical activity. Grit more accurately predicts a person's lifestyle (β = -13.712, r = 0.39, p < 0.0001) while chronotype more accurately predicts the physical activity, or steps, of a person (β = 66.48, r = .19, p = .0001). Chronotype can also accurately predict the grit of a person (r = .25, p < .0001), and it was found that morning people tend to have more grit.Conclusions: This study concluded that grit, chronotype, steps, and a healthy lifestyle are all significantly correlated with each other. Knowing the relationship between endogenous chronotype, grit, and living a physically active and healthy lifestyle can help inform policy decisions related to the goal of strengthening an institution's inclusive and healthy academic community.

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“…Understanding how cognition fluctuates throughout the day is also critical for a better understanding and optimization of everyday behavior. Circadian rhythms interact with nearly every aspect of our daily lives, not least when we attend school or work (Alshabibi et al, 2020;Goldin et al, 2020). While various aspects of cognition are impaired in the morning for young adults (Schmidt et al, 2007;Yoon et al, 1999), leading this time to be considered "non-optimal," the finding that generalization is improved in the morning in this population demonstrates that these effects may depend crucially on the kind of cognition in question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of time of day on generalization

Tandoc

Bayda

Poskanzer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Extracting shared structure across our experiences allows us to generalize our knowledge to novel contexts. How do different brain states influence this ability to generalize? Using a novel category learning paradigm, we assess the effect of both sleep and time of day on generalization that depends on the flexible integration of recent information. Counter to our expectations, we found no evidence that this form of generalization is better after a night of sleep relative to a day awake. Instead, we observed an effect of time of day, with better generalization in the morning than the evening. This effect also manifested as increased false memory for generalized information. In a nap experiment, we found that generalization did not benefit from having slept recently, suggesting a role for circadian rhythms apart from sleep. We found, however, that this time of day effect appears to be sensitive to category structure and to task engagement more generally. We propose that a state of lowered inhibition in the morning may facilitate spreading activation between otherwise separate memories, promoting this form of generalization.

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Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance

Cited by 92 publications

References 78 publications

Morning brain: real-world neural evidence that high school class times matter

Morning brain: real-world neural evidence that high school class times matter

The Influence of Chronotype and Grit on Lifestyle and Physical Activity

Influences of time of day on generalization

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