Interplay of precision therapeutics and MD study: Calocybe indica's potentials against cervical cancer and its interaction with VEGF via octadecanoic acid

Abstract

The evolving landscape of personalized medicine necessitates a shift from traditional therapeutic interventions towards precision‐driven approaches. Embracing this paradigm, our research probes the therapeutic efficacy of the aqueous crude extract (ACE) of Calocybe indica in cervical cancer treatment, merging botanical insights with advanced molecular research. We observed that ACE exerts significant influences on nuclear morphology and cell cycle modulation, further inducing early apoptosis and showcasing prebiotic attributes. Characterization of ACE have identified several phytochemicals including significant presence of octadeconoic acid. Simultaneously, utilizing advanced Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, we deciphered the intricate molecular interactions between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Octadecanoic acid to establish C.indica's role as an anticancer agent. Our study delineates Octadecanoic acid's potential as a robust binding partner for VEGF, with comprehensive analyses from RMSD and RMSF profiles highlighting the stability and adaptability of the protein–ligand interactions. Further in‐depth thermodynamic explorations via MM‐GBSA calculations reveal the binding landscape of the VEGF–Octadecanoic acid complex. Emerging therapeutic innovations, encompassing proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and avant‐garde nanocarriers, are discussed in the context of their synergy with compounds like Calocybe indica P&C. This convergence underscores the profound therapeutic potential awaiting clinical exploration. This study offers a holistic perspective on the promising therapeutic avenues facilitated by C. indica against cervical cancer, intricately woven with advanced molecular interactions and the prospective integration of precision therapeutics in modern oncology.