Interplay of transposon-silencing genes in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster

Yakushev, E. Y.; Stolyarenko, Anastasia D.; Mikhaleva, Elena A.; Гвоздев, В. А.; Klenov, Mikhail S.

doi:10.1134/s0026893311030174

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Numerous studies have highlighted a role for Piwi in silencing transposons in Drosophila gonads (Kalmykova et al 2005;Saito et al 2006;Pelisson et al 2007;Yin and Lin 2007;Gangaraju et al 2011;Klenov et al 2011;Sokolova et al 2011). However, these have been based on genetic mutants, which lose Piwi function in both the germline and somatic compartments with consequent severe effects on ovary morphology.…”

Section: Cell Type-specific Knockdown Of Piwi Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple roles for Piwi in silencing Drosophila transposons

Hammell²,

2013

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Silencing of transposons in the Drosophila ovary relies on three Piwi family proteins-Piwi, Aubergine (Aub), and Ago3-acting in concert with their small RNA guides, the Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Aub and Ago3 are found in the germ cell cytoplasm, where they function in the ping-pong cycle to consume transposon mRNAs. The nuclear Piwi protein is required for transposon silencing in both germ and somatic follicle cells, yet the precise mechanisms by which Piwi acts remain largely unclear. We investigated the role of Piwi by combining cell typespecific knockdowns with measurements of steady-state transposon mRNA levels, nascent RNA synthesis, chromatin state, and small RNA abundance. In somatic cells, Piwi loss led to concerted effects on nascent transcripts and transposon mRNAs, indicating that Piwi acts through transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). In germ cells, Piwi loss showed disproportionate impacts on steady-state RNA levels, indicating that it also exerts an effect on post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Piwi knockdown affected levels of germ cell piRNAs presumably bound to Aub and Ago3, perhaps explaining its post-transcriptional impacts. Overall, our results indicate that Piwi plays multiple roles in the piRNA pathway, in part enforcing transposon repression through effects on local chromatin states and transcription but also participating in germ cell piRNA biogenesis.

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Section: Cell Type-specific Knockdown Of Piwi Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple roles for Piwi in silencing Drosophila transposons

Hammell²,

2013

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“…Unlike AGOs, the PIWI proteins specifically interact with piRNAs to participate in the germline specification, gametogenesis, transposon silencing and in the maintenance of genome integrity ( Carmell et al, 2007 ; Malone & Hannon, 2009 ; Ghildiyal & Zamore, 2009 ; Siomi et al, 2011 ). The piRNA mechanism of action is not so well defined but probably it involves the arginine methyl-transferase PRMT5, tudor domain-containing proteins (TDRDs) and the Maelstrom protein (MAEL) ( Sokolova et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The miRNA biogenesis in marine bivalves

Rosani

Pallavicini

Venier

2016

PeerJ

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Small non-coding RNAs include powerful regulators of gene expression, transposon mobility and virus activity. Among the various categories, mature microRNAs (miRNAs) guide the translational repression and decay of several targeted mRNAs. The biogenesis of miRNAs depends on few gene products, essentially conserved from basal to higher metazoans, whose protein domains allow specific interactions with dsRNA. Here, we report the identification of key genes responsible of the miRNA biogenesis in 32 bivalves, with particular attention to the aquaculture species Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas. In detail, we have identified and phylogenetically compared eight evolutionary conserved proteins: DROSHA, DGCR8, EXP5, RAN, DICER TARBP2, AGO and PIWI. In mussels, we recognized several other proteins participating in the miRNA biogenesis or in the subsequent RNA silencing. According to digital expression analysis, these genes display low and not inducible expression levels in adult mussels and oysters whereas they are considerably expressed during development. As miRNAs play an important role also in the antiviral responses, knowledge on their production and regulative effects can shed light on essential molecular processes and provide new hints for disease prevention in bivalves.

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“…The mechanism of piRNA biogenesis in Drosophila and many other species is itself a process of degrading TE at the post-transcriptional level. Mutations in Aub and Ago3 lead to an elevated level of transposons in the germ cells [ 78 ]. As discussed earlier for the ping-pong pathway, a piRNA targets a transposon with opposite orientation and degrades it into a new piRNA.…”

Section: Search Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA): a narrative review of its biogenesis, function, and emerging role in lung cancer

2022

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Cancer remains elusive in many aspects, especially in its causes and control. After protein profiling, genetic screening, and mutation studies, scientists now have turned their attention to epigenetic modulation. This new arena has brought to light the world of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Although very complicated and often confusing, ncRNA domains are now among the most attractive molecular markers for epigenetic control of cancer. Long ncRNA and microRNA (miRNA) have been studied best among the noncoding genome and huge data have accumulated regarding their inhibitory and promoting effects in cancer. Another sector of ncRNAs is the world of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Initially discovered with the asymmetric division of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary, piRNAs have a unique capability to associate with mammalian proteins analogous to P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) in Drosophila and are capable of silencing transposons. After a brief introduction to its discovery timelines, the present narrative review covers the biogenesis, function, and role of piRNAs in lung cancer. The effects on lung cancer are highlighted under sections of cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, metastasis, and overall survival, and the review concludes with a discussion of recent discoveries of another class of small ncRNAs, the piRNA-like RNAs (piR-Ls).

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Interplay of transposon-silencing genes in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Multiple roles for Piwi in silencing Drosophila transposons

Multiple roles for Piwi in silencing Drosophila transposons

The miRNA biogenesis in marine bivalves

PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA): a narrative review of its biogenesis, function, and emerging role in lung cancer

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