Interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile for anti‐erosion stabilization of soils and ground

Abstract

We describe six aqueous formulations prepared from anionic HYPAN, an acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer, and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) for stabilization of loamy sandy soil and quartz sand. The formulations were deposited on the surface of soil and sand that after drying resulted in the formation of protective polymer–soil and polymer–sand coatings. Most formulations gave mechanically stable coatings with a strength of 100–200 kg cm−2 and sustained a storm wind of 76 km h−1. A non‐stoichiometric HYPAN–PDADMAC polycomplex with a 10‐fold excess of anionic HYPAN units formed the water resistant coatings, which retained 99% soil and 90% sand. These characteristics were superior to those for coatings made from a conventional binder polyacrylamide. Additionally, the coating from soil and ‘anionic’ non‐stoichiometric interpolyelectrolyte complex increased the total amount of stored water and lengthened the time of water release. Anionic polymer formulations did not exhibit antimicrobial action against bacteria and yeast in both solutions and films. Cationic polymer formulations manifested strong antimicrobial action against bacteria and yeast in solutions, and suppressed the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria and yeast in films. Taking into account the commercial availability of the initial polymers and a simple procedure for polycomplex preparation, there is great potential for anionic polymer formulations as anti‐erosion binders and soil conditioners. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Biodegradable Interpolycomplexes for Anti-Erosion Stabilization of Soil and Sand

“…Molar concentrations of anionic ALG groups and cationic QHECE groups were determined via potentiometric and turbidimetric titration, as described in [22,28], respectively.…”

“…A soil sample (taken in May 2020) was described in detail earlier [22]. Its granulometric composition was obtained using a Mastersizer 3000E laser particle sizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK); 83% of particles were of 0.1-1 mm sizes and 17% of particles had lower sizes.…”

“…In the antimicrobial experiments [22], three types of microorganisms were used: Gramnegative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4.8.1, Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 209P and yeast (eukaryotes) Yarrowia lipolytica 367-2 (microorganism collections of the Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia). The lowest polymer concentration which did not yet inhibit the growth of the test cultures was taken as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).…”

“…They interact with complementary sites on the surface of soil particles and stick them together [13]. Variation of the IPEC composition allows adjusting its structure to a soil to be treated and controlling the mechanical strength and anti-erosion resistance of the resulting protective coatings [14,22]. In addition to the anti-erosion effect, polycomplex formulations can retain water in the soil, bind heavy metals and stimulate plant development [14].…”

Special Issue: Functional Polymers and Composites: From Synthesis to Applications (Dedicated to the 80th Anniversary of Professor George S. Georgiev)

“…Several aspects of the papers that follow are also related to work conducted in Professor Georgiev's labs and deal with properties and applications of polymer complexes, gels, and other functional materials. Yaroslavov et al 27 discuss the utility of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile and cationic polymer for the preparation of inter‐polyelectrolyte complexes that have the potential to suppress the erosion of soils. Ion‐imprinted polymers derived from Fe(II) compounds and functional polymers with hydroxyl or carboxylate groups and their ability to serve as efficient sorbents are described in the work by Dakova, Mitreva, and Karadjova 28 .…”