Interpretation of bone marrow aspiration in hematological disorder

Abstract

Background: Hematological disorders are quite frequent in all age group. Most of this hematological disorder first present as anemia. Bone Marrow Aspiration plays a major role in the diagnosis of its underlying cause. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of hematological disorders, its spectrum and to interprete the bone marrow aspiration findings.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study carried out in the department of Pathology of Nepal Medical College in a period of two years. (July 2010 - June 2012). Bone marrow examination of 57 cases of suspected hematological disorders was carried out. All details of the patients were obtained from the record file in the department of pathology.Results: Out of 57 cases of bone marrow aspiration, erythroid hyperplasia was seen in 12 cases (21%). Megaloblastic anemia was seen in 7 cases (12.3%) and microcytic anemia was seen in 4 cases (7%). There were 6 cases (10.5%) of Idiopathic Thrombocypenic Purpura. Acute leukemia was diagnosed in 7 cases (12.3%) and among this acute myeloid leukemia (10.5%) was more common than acute lymphoid leukemia (1.8%). Myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma was seen in 3.5 % cases each. Aplastic anemia and kalaazar was seen in 5.3% and 1.8% cases respectively.Conclusion: Bone marrow examination is an important step to arrive at the confirmatory diagnosis of many hematological disorders.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 309-312DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6885

Bone marrow aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of hematologic and non-hematologic diseases in a multi-specialty hospital in Nepal

“…It was seen in only 5.3% cases in a study done by Pudasaini et al 14 The frequency was even lower in a study carried out in Jordan by Momani et al; only one case was found in that study. 10 Although aplastic anemia is an autoimmune disease, its incidence is equal in both sexes.…”

“…Similar finding was observed by other national and international studies. 9,14,15 However, Momami et al from Jordan found iron deficiency anemia as the third most common disorder. 10 Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease.…”

“…14,17,22 In contrast, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was found to be the most common type of leukemia in a couple of studies. 13,23 Multiple myeloma was found to be the second-most common malignant disease (2.5%) which is close to the data (3.5%) in one study.…”

“…Two studies from Nepal found it to be 9.33% and 10.5%. 9,14 International studies have shown the proportion to be 6.21%, 14.5% and 5%. [17][18][19] Aplastic anemia is more common in developing countries than in developed countries.…”

Bone Marrow Aspiration Evaluation in Clinical Management of Anemia Among Low Socioeconomic Group In A Tertiary Care Hospital.

“…As fibrosis becomes more severe, the patients' cytopenias worsen (19) In 9% of cases though CBC and peripheral smear showed pancytopenia,bone marrow aspiration revealed marrow hypoplasia in 2% of cases and five cases revealed hematological malignancy. Leukemia as a group was the most common malignant disorder (15%) and acute myeloblastic leukemia was found to be the most common type of leukemia in our study as in other studies (20)(21). In contrast, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was found to be the most common type of leukemia in a couple of studies (22,23) Multiple myeloma was found to be the secondmost common malignant disease.…”