Interpretation of Cannabis Findings in the Hair of Very Young Children: Mission Impossible

Kintz, Pascal; Ameline, Alice; Eibel, Aude; Gheddar, Laurie; Feisthauer, Emilie; Géraut, A.; Berthelon, Laurent; Farrugia, Audrey; Raul, Jean‐Sébastien

doi:10.2174/1389201019666171129180206

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, although a negative result excludes both chronic use and contact with drugs, a positive result cannot be interpreted as a sure sign of drug consumption. This has been particularly observed in the last 3 years when dealing with specimens from young children 11–15 . In most of these cases, it was observed a common pattern of drug concentrations in segmented hair, that is, a linear increase from the proximal to the distal end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Human hair tests to document drug environmental contamination: Application in a family law case involving N,N‐dimethyltryptamine

Kintz

Ameline

Raul

2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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For 40 years, hair tests have been presented as the best approach to document long‐term consumption of a drug. This unique property has found numerous applications in clinical, forensic, and occupational toxicology. However, since the beginning of its implementation in biology, external contamination, with an associated risk of false positive result, has been presented as the key in the final interpretation. Evidence of environmental contamination and subsequent health issues can be the task of any toxicologist. Because of recent progress of analytical equipment, it is now possible to quantify drugs in hair with high level of accuracy and specificity at the pg/mg range. Therefore, segmental hair tests can be used to document environmental contamination and are the objective of this publication. In a family law case, N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a powerful hallucinogen, has been found in the hair of the partner of a repetitive DMT smoker at 4 to 13 pg/mg in 6 × 1 cm segments, with a regular increase of concentrations from the proximal to the distal hair end. The low measured concentrations and the particular pattern of DMT distribution along the hair shaft seem to be typical of environmental contamination, the older hair (those of the distal part) being for a longer time in contact with the drug. Despite strong decontamination, drugs from the environment can remain bound to the hair matrix and therefore be able to be used to document environmental contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Human hair tests to document drug environmental contamination: Application in a family law case involving N,N‐dimethyltryptamine

Kintz

Ameline

Raul

2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Du fait d'une augmentation très importante du nombre de jeunes enfants intoxiqués au cannabis [17] en France, l'analyse des cheveux a été proposée pour documenter les circonstances d'exposition [18]. Il faut néanmoins tenir compte, lors de l'interprétation, des spécificités des cheveux des jeunes enfants (cheveux plus fins et plus poreux que ceux des adultes, et qui sont donc plus facilement exposés à des risques de contamination environnementale).…”

Section: Cheveuxunclassified

Cannabis et cannabinoïdes de synthèse. À propos de leur détection biologique

Kintz

2020

Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine

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Parmi la soixantaine de cannabinoïdes présents dans le cannabis sativa indica on trouve essentiellement des terpénophénols, parmi lesquels figure le delta-9-trans tétrahydrocannabinol ( 9-THC) qui constitue le principal produit psychoactif chez l'homme. Depuis une dizaine d'années, avec l'émergence du e-commerce et la recherche pharmaceutique sur des médicaments originaux, des dérivés synthétiques du 9-THC ont fait leur apparition. Ces molécules, sous le nom générique anglo-saxon de « spices », ont des structures chimiques très différentes, mais se lient toutes sur les mêmes récepteurs CB1 et CB2. Elles miment les effets du 9-THC, avec des effets pharmacologiques plus puissants, et donc des effets secondaires bien plus délétères et des durées d'action augmentées. L'usage de tous les cannabinoïdes est contrôlé, ce qui nécessite de disposer de méthodes analytiques performantes pour leur détection. L'objet de cette mini revue est de faire le point sur les possibilités actuelles de mise en évidence et de discuter, en fonction de la matrice biologique utilisée (sang, urine, salive, sueur, air expiré, cheveux) des avantages et des limitations de chaque approche. © 2020 l'Académie nationale de médecine. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. ଝ Étant donné le contexte sanitaire épidémique lié au Covid-19 du mois de mars 2020, la présentation orale de cette communication en séance à l'Académie a été reportée.Summary. -Among the 60 or so various cannabinoids which are present in cannabis sativa indica, terpenophenols are mainly found, including delta-9-trans tetrahydrocannabinol ( 9-THC) which is the major psychoactive ingredient. Over the last decade, due to the emergence of e-commerce and the continuous investigations by pharmaceutical groups to identify new active molecules, synthetic cannabinoids have been proposed. These compounds, under the generic name ''spices'' have chemical structures very different from that of 9-THC, but share the same CB1 and CB2 receptors. They are mimics of 9-THC with much powerful pharmacological effects, including thus more deterrent side-effects, and enhanced windows of detection. All these drugs are controlled. This means that they have to be tested in human biological specimens to document abuse. The aim of this mini-review is to present what has been described in the scientific literature according to the available specimens (blood, urine, saliva, sweat, hair and exhaled breath), focussing on the current advantages and limitations of each test.

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“…Maternal drug abuse is a health hazard for the fetus, and the effects of methadone, cocaine, PCP, opiates, cannabinoids, amphetamines, ecstasy, benzodiazepines, and nicotine are well documented (Pragst et al 2015). It is very difficult to determine the drug in hairs of young children due to more porosity and finer than hairs of adults (Kintz et al 2017). In 1987, Parton reported for the first time the fetal cocaine exposure by hair analysis (obtained from 15 babies) using RIA.…”

Section: Determination Of Gestational Drug Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: a review

Usman¹,

Naseer²,

Baig³

et al. 2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Analysis of hair provides useful information regarding drug addiction history or drug toxicity. Keeping in view some important applications of hair analysis, a lot of work done in the past few decades has been reviewed in this article. When compared with other biological samples, hair provides a larger window for drug detection. Drugs get deposited in hair through blood circulation by various mechanisms, after its administration. The deposited drug is much stable and can be detected after a longer period of time as compared with other biological samples, e.g., saliva, blood, and urine. Moreover, segmental analysis can depict multiple or single drug administration by using sensitive analytical techniques. Complex methods for drug extraction and the high cost of analysis are some drawbacks of hair analysis. LC-MS and GC-MS are the prominent among other techniques of choice due to high sensitivity. In this review, detailed knowledge about the drug deposition, extraction, analysis, and application of results in forensic and clinical cases have been discussed.

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Interpretation of Cannabis Findings in the Hair of Very Young Children: Mission Impossible

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Human hair tests to document drug environmental contamination: Application in a family law case involving N,N‐dimethyltryptamine

Human hair tests to document drug environmental contamination: Application in a family law case involving N,N‐dimethyltryptamine

Cannabis et cannabinoïdes de synthèse. À propos de leur détection biologique

Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: a review

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