Interpretation of surface flux measurements in heterogeneous terrain during the Monsoon '90 experiment

Stannard, David I.; Blanford, J. H.; Kustas, William P.; Nichols, William D.; Amer, Saud A.; Schmugge, Thomas J.; Weltz, Mark A.

doi:10.1029/93wr03037

Cited by 114 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The largest residual to energy budget closure during the Monsoon'90 experiment (Kustas et al, 1991) occurred at the poorest-rated site (in terms of flatness and slope), with a value of 36 W m −2 (Stannard et al, 1994). Typical midday Bowen-ratio values were near 1.0.…”

Section: Review Of Surface Flux Measurements and Energy-balance Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a semi-arid Sonoran desert site, Unland et al (1996) measured fluxes to within an average closure of 96% over a year. Unfortunately, no data were available to show if, or how, closure rates changed after precipitation during either of these studies, but during the dry season in Arizona, flux measurements from Stannard et al (1994) showed little change in closure after a rainfall.…”

Section: Review Of Surface Flux Measurements and Energy-balance Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Closure was assessed over grassland ecosystems during the FIFE experiment (Sellers et al, 1992), and in a semi-arid environment during Monsoon'90 (Stannard et al, 1994). During the FIFE experiment, Nie et al (1992) found that the four flux components measured by an EC system summed to a maximum residual of 160 W m −2 .…”

Section: Review Of Surface Flux Measurements and Energy-balance Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland

Twine¹,

Kustas²,

Norman³

et al. 2000

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

1,651

1,114

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Twine, T. E.; Kustas, W. P.; Norman, J. M.; Cook, D. R.; Houser, P. R.; Meyers, T. P.; Prueger, J. H.; Starks, P. J.; and Wesley, M. L., "Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland" (2000). AbstractIndependent measurements of the major energy balance flux components are not often consistent with the principle of conservation of energy. This is referred to as a lack of closure of the surface energy balance. Most results in the literature have shown the sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes measured by eddy covariance to be less than the difference between net radiation and soil heat fluxes. This under-measurement of sensible and latent heat fluxes by eddy-covariance instruments has occurred in numerous field experiments and among many different manufacturers of instruments. Four eddy-covariance systems consisting of the same models of instruments were set up side-by-side during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment and all systems under-measured fluxes by similar amounts. One of these eddy-covariance systems was collocated with three other types of eddy-covariance systems at different sites; all of these systems under-measured the sensible and latent-heat fluxes. The net radiometers and soil heat flux plates used in conjunction with the eddy-covariance systems were calibrated independently and measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux showed little scatter for various sites. The 10% absolute uncertainty in available energy measurements was considerably smaller than the systematic closure problem in the surface energy budget, which varied from 10 to 30%. When available-energy measurement errors are known and modest, eddy-covariance measurements of sensible and latent heat fluxes should be adjusted for closure. Although the preferred method of energy balance closure is to maintain the Bowen-ratio, the method for obtaining closure appears to be less important than assuring that eddy-covariance measurements are consistent with conservation of energy. Based on numerous measurements over a sorghum canopy, carbon dioxide fluxes, which are measured by eddy covariance, are underestimated by the same factor as eddy covariance evaporation measurements when energy balance closure is not achieved. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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Section: Review Of Surface Flux Measurements and Energy-balance Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Surface Flux Measurements and Energy-balance Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Surface Flux Measurements and Energy-balance Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland

Twine¹,

Kustas²,

Norman³

et al. 2000

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

1,651

1,114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Para isso, a curva experimental da retenção de água no solo necessita ser descrita matematicamente. O modelo proposto por van Genuchten (1980) para expressar analiticamente a curva de retenção tem-se mostrado bastante eficiente e seu uso já é bastante difundido (van Genuchten et al, 1991). A equação proposta por van Genuchten (1980) é: …”

Section: Parametrização Das Funções Hidráulicas Do Solounclassified

Balanço de água por aquisição automática de dados em cultura de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.)

Prevedello

Maggiotto²,

Loyola³

et al. 2007

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Idso et al (1975), on the other hand, found that for bare soil conditions, the slopes of the G versus R n relationships essentially doubled in going from wet to dry soil, which implies that for a given R n , the G value would be higher for a dry soil compared to a wet soil. The effects of spatial variability on G measurements can be significant and have been discussed by Fritton et al (1976) and by Stannard et al (1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%