Nucleon-nucleus collisions at the energy region relevant to cosmic-ray experiments were investigated by using Hagedorn's thermodynamic model. The scaling behaviour of different charge states of nucleons, pions and kaons was studied in the energy range 30 GeV < E < 100 TeV of primary nucleons. The muon charge ratio R was calculated for muon momenta 10 GeV/c < p < 10 TeV/c. Within this range, R was found to increase with p by about 10%. This increase was reduced to about 7% when allowance was made for the probable energy dependence of the relative abundance of heavy nuclei in the primary radiation.