Interpreting Survey Questions About Sexual Aggression in Cross-Cultural Research: A Qualitative Study with Young Adults from Nine European Countries

Krahé, Barbara; Haas, Stans de; Vanwesenbeeck, Ine; Bianchi, Gabriel; Chliaoutakis, Joannes; Fuertes, Antonio; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Hadjigeorgiou, Eleni; Hellemans, Sabine; Kouta, Christiana; Meijnckens, Dwayne; Murauskienė, Liubovė; Papadakaki, Maria; Ramiro, Lúcia; Reis, Marta; Symons, Katrien; Tomaszewska, Paulina; Vicario-Molina, Isabel; Zygadlo, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s12119-015-9321-2

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, further culture-sensitive research is needed to confirm these tentative explanations and to understand how young adults' sexuality is shaped by cultural norms and expectations, including alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors. Such research should adopt a qualitative approach to gain a better understanding of the meaning and social construction of sexual aggression from both the victim and the perpetrator perspective (Krahé et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SAV-S was previously applied in 10 countries, including Spain, and validated by cross-cultural research conducted in several European countries (Krahé et al, 2015, 2016). Similar to the widely used Sexual Experience Survey Short Form (SES-SF, Koss et al, 2007), the SAV-S includes different coercive strategies and specific sexual acts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a Spanish version of the SAV-S, which had already been used and validated in Spain (Krahé et al, 2015, 2016). Speakers of Chilean Spanish adapted the scale to country-specific language usage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile

et al. 2016

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Evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression among college students is primarily based on studies from Western countries. In Chile, a South American country strongly influenced by the Catholic Church, little research on sexual aggression among college students is available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 14 (the legal age of consent) in a sample of male and female students aged between 18 and 29 years from five Chilean universities (N = 1135), to consider possible gender differences, and to study the extent to which alcohol was involved in the reported incidents of perpetration and victimization. Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration was measured with a Chilean Spanish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S), which includes three coercive strategies (use or threat of physical force, exploitation of an incapacitated state, and verbal pressure), three victim-perpetrator constellations (current or former partners, friends/acquaintances, and strangers), and four sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted sexual intercourse, completed sexual intercourse, and other sexual acts, such as oral sex). Overall, 51.9% of women and 48.0% of men reported at least one incident of sexual victimization, and 26.8% of men and 16.5% of women reported at least one incident of sexual aggression perpetration since the age of 14. For victimization, only few gender differences were found, but significantly more men than women reported sexual aggression perpetration. A large proportion of perpetrators also reported victimization experiences. Regarding victim-perpetrator relationship, sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were more common between persons who knew each other than between strangers. Alcohol use by the perpetrator, victim, or both was involved in many incidents of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration, particularly among strangers. The present data are the first to provide a systematic and detailed picture of sexual aggression among college students in Chile, including victimization and perpetration reports by both men and women and confirming the critical role of alcohol established in past research from Western countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile

et al. 2016

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“…This questionnaire included cues regarding sexual behavior (e.g., I put my penis in someone's vagina) as well as sexual tactics (e.g., I used physical force: Krahé et al, 2016;Krahé & Vanwesenbeeck, 2015). For more on one-stage vs. two-stage strategies see Krebs et al, 2017. Also supporting the hypothesis that the findings of Krebs et al (2007) could be an underestimate, Strang and Peterson (2017)'s work demonstrated that unintentional underreporting related to misinterpretation of items is as likely a source of error as intentional underreporting.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Sexual Violence Perpetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Sexual Perpetration in College Men: A Systematic Review of Reported Prevalence Rates From 2000 to 2017

Anderson

Silver

Ciampaglia

et al. 2019

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Background: The prevalence of sexual perpetration in college men is unknown. Prior reviews of sexual violence prevalence rates have produced wide-ranging estimates, likely due to wide variation in measurement strategies. Objectives: This article systematically reviewed research findings (from 2000 to 2017) regarding prevalence rates of sexual perpetration in college men and measurement strategies. Data Sources: PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Eligibility Criteria: Empirical reports published between 2000 and 2017 that included male participants, available in English, and reported lifetime prevalence findings in Canadian or American college students. Participants: Data from 78 independent samples including 25,524 college men. Results: The average prevalence rate of any sexual perpetration was 29.3% ( SD = 16.8), and the average rate of rape was 6.5% ( SD = 6.3). Studies that used non-Sexual Experiences Survey (SES)–based questionnaires recorded higher prevalence rates (41.5%) than SES-using studies (26.2%). At least 16 different sexual perpetration questionnaires were identified. Modifying standardized questionnaires was extremely common; this was reported in over half of the studies. Studies using modified standardized questionnaires found higher prevalence rates of sexual perpetration than studies using nonmodified standardized questionnaires. Limitations: This report focused exclusively on college men in the United States and Canada. Conclusions and Implications: On average, 29% of college males report engaging in behaviors defined as sexual perpetration; however, there was a strong influence of measurement strategy on reported rates.

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“…This study was also unable to examine the context of sexual perpetration reported by participants; the context of sexual perpetration as well as the relationships to targets, locations, antecedents, and consequences are important data for intervention programs. Future research which includes either an interview or questionnaire on the specific characteristics of incidents (ala Krahé et al, 2016or Buday & Peterson, 2015 is recommended to answer these questions (although careful consideration of research ethics would be necessary for these studies). We strongly recommend interview research with tools such as the Timeline Follow Back Interview (Carey, Carey, Maisto, Gordon, & Weinhardt, 2001) to answer these questions about context as well as to examine whether differences in test-retest scores are related to memory errors, differences in item interpretation, social desirability, and/or carelessness.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP) in College Men

Anderson

Cahill

Delahanty

2017

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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Introduction: Estimates of sexual perpetration in college men vary widely, partially due to a lack of reliable and valid measures of sexual perpetration. This study provides psychometric data on the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP), a revision of one of the most widely used measures of sexual perpetration, in a sample of college men. Methods: Participants (n = 402) completed a web survey containing the study measures; a subset of 66 participants completed the SES-SFP again two weeks later. Results: In examining test-retest reliability, most (90.7%) participants were classified correctly using dichotomous scores of sexually aggressive behavior (yes/no). However, test-retest agreement for category scores was poor (0-50.0%). Test-retest correlations were largest for lifetime category scores, r = .69 and smallest for lifetime dichotomous scores, r = .59. Regarding validity, SES-SFP scores were positively associated with measures of partner violence and trait aggression and negatively associated with a measure of rape empathy. Conclusions: Our results provide initial evidence of internal consistency and convergent evidence of validity for the SES-SFP in college men but question the measure's test-retest reliability. The severity of tactics used to coerce sexually aggressive behaviors was more strongly associated with rape empathy than sexual outcome severity scores, indicating utility of assessing coercive tactics. Additional research is needed regarding the psychometric properties of the SES-SFP and other measures of sexual perpetration in order to accurately assess rates of these behaviors and inform preventive interventions.

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Interpreting Survey Questions About Sexual Aggression in Cross-Cultural Research: A Qualitative Study with Young Adults from Nine European Countries

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile

Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile

The Frequency of Sexual Perpetration in College Men: A Systematic Review of Reported Prevalence Rates From 2000 to 2017

Initial Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP) in College Men

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