BIOLOGIA COMPARADA RIBEIRÃO PRETO 2014 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletronico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte.
Silva, Laís Batista CarmoEfeitos do aquecimento e da elevada concentração atmosférica de CO2 na dinâmica de carbono e nitrogênio do solo e de duas forrageiras tropicais (Panicum maximum e Stylosanthes capitata). Ribeirão Preto, 2014. Aos Professores da UNESP-Jaboticabal, Dr. Newton La Scala Junior, pela ajuda oferecida e empréstimo do aparelho LI-8100A utilizado nos experimentos; e Dr. Wanderley
ABSTRACTThe C and N dynamics may be interpreted as a flow within the ecosystem that encompasses the physiological processes that occur in plants and soil. In this study, we used of a new combined FACE and T-FACE system, to allow plants of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel (C3) and Panicum maximum Jacq. (C4) to be exposed to higher CO2 concentrations and temperatures, respectively. The system named Trop-T-FACE was established at the Ribeirão Preto campus of the University of São Paulo (USP). Two experiments were conducted using this system; the first involved the warming of 2° C in the plant canopy of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel and resulted in an intensification of N short term cycle probably due to greater biological N2 fixation by legumes, plus larger soil respiration rates and reduced rates of soil enzymatic activity. In the second experiment, plants of S. capitata and P. maximum were exposed to 4 treatments: a control (ambient temperature and ambient CO2); eT (ambient CO2 concentration and a canopy temperature of 2 °C greater than the ambient temperature), eC (600 µmol mol -1 CO2 and ambient temperature), and eC + eT (600 µmol mol -1 CO2 and a canopy temperature of 2 °C greater than the ambient temperature). Results from soil respiration indicated an effect of warming on soil respiration by effect of increment in soil temperature. Isotopic analysis showed, from the third day of the experiment, the decay of δ 13 C values in both species in the treatments with elevated CO2 as a result of assimilation of the new C. Whereas δ 15 N showed only positive values in C3, in C4 we found negative and positive values, but both did not indicate a clear pattern among treatments. Enzymatic analyzes revealed no specific changes in C metabolism in the soil, but changes in N metabolism might indicate a direct influence of this nutrient in the potential of the soil to store C.Keywords: climate change, isotope, carbon, nitrogen, pasture, soil respiration, soil enzymes. A maior liberação destes gases influencia diretamente a temperatura média do planeta, uma vez que GEEs como o CO2 absorvem radiação infravermelha, contribuindo assim para o aquecimento do ar e a elevação de temperatura média da Terra em ritmo cada vez mais acelerado (Figura 1B) (Ricklefs, 2003;Towsend et al., 2006;Buckeridge, 2007 considerável parte do C que é recapturado da atmosfera se deve ao processo fotossintético realizado pelos vegetais, principal mecanismo...