“…Offenders who employed a direct approach used more forceful strategies, such as blackmail/threats, insults and peer pressure. Another strategy apparent across cases was to show victims pornographic material, which served to normalize offenders' behavior and desensitize victims to sexual activity and the material depicted, with the aim to lower their inhibitions, overcome their resistance and achieve their compliance (Durkin, 1997;Marcum, 2007;O'Connell, 2003). Although most of these strategies have previously been reported to be employed by offenders, both in the context of sexual abuse cases in the physical world OFFENSE PROCESSES OF ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 25 (e.g., Craven et al, 2006;McAlinden, 2006) and online (e.g., Cybertip.ca, 2012;Malesky, 2007;Marcum, 2007;O'Connell, 2003;Whittle et al, 2014b), the detailed qualitative analysis of such interactions facilitates an additional perspective on the nature and extent of offenders' use thereof.…”