Standard 11 of the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) stipulates that the curriculum should prepare all students to be contributing members of an interprofessional team in a variety of practice settings. 1 The team should include prescribers and other health care professionals. The standard indicates that this preparation should occur throughout the curriculum including didactic, introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs), and advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). The standard also indicates that schools must demonstrate achievement of the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies. 2 We suggest a strategic plan is needed to effectively address interprofessional education (IPE) throughout the curriculum, including experiential education and addressing challenges and assessment approaches needed for this type of experience to be successful.The current approach to IPE can be described as a series of isolated events. The literature is abundant with individual examples and how they address core competencies, but not one overarching strategic model encompasses Standard 11 in its entirety.3-6 For example, some IPEC competencies are addressed early in the didactic curriculum with classroom teaching, case based study, and team-based projects. [3][4][5] In the experiential setting, IPE is achieved via simulations, service learning, and as a part of IPPEs or APPEs.6-9 Although the latter is not as well documented in the literature, a few examples, such as Hays's study, provided examples of how IPE could be addressed in a community setting through activities that could involve multiple health care providers including, in some cases, a pharmacist. 7 The examples cited are out of the box and atypical of what is normally considered, such as the supermarket visit. Goldstone and Cooley described the development of an interprofessional psychiatric APPE elective that developed communication and collaboration skills in patient-care settings. 9 An emerging focus on prevention education may be another focused area for IPE as pharmacy enhances its public health role.
10Another important area for a strategic model to address is assessment of IPEC competencies. Examples are limited to assessing knowledge and attitudes and sometimes patient care skills but rarely interprofessional skills. Common assessment tools are restricted to surveys, reflections, and preceptor evaluations.11 In their survey, Jones et al indicated 55% of US schools of pharmacy addressed IPE in IPPEs with a variety of formats. However, this data did not indicate if the core competencies were actually developed or assessed during this time.12 It is unclear if schools had a strategic plan for addressing and assessing the IPEC competencies. Additionally, in their literature review, Abu-Rish et al identified inconsistencies and shortcomings in how IPE events are conceptualized and assessed.11 Reeves et al advocated for more robust assessment of the IPE competencies than knowledge and attitudes, such as evalu...