Interprofessional learning in primary care: An exploration of the service user experience leads to a new model for co-learning

How might patient involvement in healthcare quality improvement efforts work—A realist literature review

“…The search strategies yielded 1,204 articles total. In assessing the methodological quality of the 18 articles included in the review, nine articles scored > 20 (ranging 20 ‐ 23) for “good” quality, and nine scored “fair” (ranging 11‐19) . Weaknesses were noted in several studies.…”

“…Enabling patients, and/or their next of kin, to share their individual goals and concerns with health‐care professionals in a direct, real‐time way within the microsystem supports their involvement. All studies included in the review described such person‐specific and individualized interventions, where patients were actively involved and put in the lead—enabled to prioritize their needs and participate in an informed way through, for example, self‐management training, outpatient health‐care visits, patient safety issues or co‐design QI efforts …”

“…Active patient involvement in health‐care QI requires continuous, organizational preparation and facilitation . Clarification of the rationale to all actors, the QI effort's purpose, as well as participant roles and responsibilities, must be outlined from the start .…”

“…In a successful example with cancer patients, the carefully tailored intervention led to a joint awareness of the connection between patients’ health‐care experiences and microsystem QI efforts, which furthermore led to shared responsibility and empowerment within the microsystem. In multiple studies, such shared responsibility and empowerment reasoning promoted the QI intervention development Theory 1: Tailoring patient involvement (resource and reasoning) to each QI effort (context) may lead to interaction and partnership within the microsystem (outcome). …”

“…Interaction itself provides an important feedback resource for patients and health‐care professionals . A self‐management intervention using Motivational Interviewing (MI) skills for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exemplifies this.…”