2016
DOI: 10.1002/mus.24944
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Interrater and intrarater reliability of the semmes-weinstein monofilament 4-2-1 stepping algorithm

Abstract: The 4-2-1 stepping algorithm demonstrated acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability when measured in healthy adults. Muscle Nerve 53: 918-924, 2016.

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Cited by 36 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…The use of different devices to determine the tactile sensation and the expected variability psychophysical measurements can account for this controversy. For instance, ICC value of 0·85 is reported for test–retest reliability of tactile detection in the foot using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments . On the other hand, poor MDT reliability of the cheek region is reported when using modified von Frey filaments .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of different devices to determine the tactile sensation and the expected variability psychophysical measurements can account for this controversy. For instance, ICC value of 0·85 is reported for test–retest reliability of tactile detection in the foot using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments . On the other hand, poor MDT reliability of the cheek region is reported when using modified von Frey filaments .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The nylon SWM varied in thickness, and each was identified by a unitless index number (1.65, 2.36, 2.44, 2.83, 3.22, 3.61, 3.84, 4.08, 4.17, 4.31, 4.56, 4.74, 4.93, 5.07, 5.18, 5.46, 5.88, 6.10, 6.45, 6.65) associated with the calibrated breaking force of the tester; for example a 2.44 monofilament has a calibrated breaking force of 0.16 grams, and a 4.17 monofilament has a breaking force of 1.4 grams. The SWM was applied perpendicularly to the test site, and pressure was applied until the SWM bent into a “C” shape, indicating that the calibrated force was applied to the dermatome . A higher SWM index number indicated a thicker monofilament, meaning that a larger force is applied to the dermatome; therefore, an individual with a high SWM threshold had decreased cutaneous sensitivity than one with a lower threshold.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a feasible and optimum choice for clinical use, the SWME is a well-established test for improved sensitivity of quantitative sensory testing, and widely applied in the assessment of neuropathy in the hospitals [45,46]. The SWME has been used in previous studies to determine sensory dysfunction at least 6 months post stroke [47].The SWME is composed of a hierarchical set of twenty monofilaments (Touch Test Sensory Evaluators, Stoetling Co., Wood Dale, IL, USA) [48].The range of monofilaments can distinguish significant sensory thresholds, including normal sensation, diminished tactile sensation, decreased protective sensation, and loss of protective sensation [49]. The assessors will start each test with a stiffness of filament with the participants' eyes closed.…”
Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning
confidence: 99%