Interrelated Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer

Afzal, Samia; Fiaz, Khadija; Noor, Afifa; Sindhu, Amira Saleem; Hanif, Asma; Bibi, Ayesha; Asad, Muhammad Usman; Nawaz, S.; Zafar, Saba; Ayub, Sidra; Hasnain, Syeda Bariyyah; Shahid, Muhammad

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.781111

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Worldwide, viral infections are on the rise and growing interest is given to their association with cancer development and/or progression. In this field, the etiological role of viral infection in cancer development, including BC, is gaining importance and could substantially explain the high number of sporadic BC cases [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decades, viral etiology of BC development acquired interest and many research studies have focused on identifying a potential association between viral infection and BC development and/or progression. In this field, the constant presence of viral genetic material in primary and metastatic cancer tissues (in contrast to normal tissues) and the ability of viruses to transform normal cells to cancer cells are the main arguments used to support the potential viral etiology of BC development/progression [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Currently, three viruses have been identified in BC samples, and their involvement in breast carcinogenesis is widely discussed: human mammary tumor virus (HMTV), homolog of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this field, HPV was reported to potentiate EBV infection in NPC development [ 17 ] and the co-infection of EBV and HPV was reported to play an important role in the progression of cervical cancer and was found likely to be more aggressive [ 18 ]. In this regard, the studies conducted on BC could not be regarded as conclusive and more investigations are required to establish the causal association that will be used in the overall management of BC [ 9 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Polyomaviruses and Herpesviruses in Moroccan Breast Cancer

et al. 2023

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Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, accounting for 24.5% of total new cancer cases and 15.5% of total cancer deaths. Similarly, BC is the most common cancer among Moroccan women, comprising a noteworthy percentage of 40% of all cancers in women. Globally, 15% of cancers are attributable to infections; among them, viruses play a significant role. The present study aimed to explore the presence of a wide range of viral DNA in samples recovered from 76 Moroccan patients with BC and 12 controls using Luminex technology. The explored viruses were as follows: 10 polyomaviruses (PyVs): BKV, KIV, JCV, MCV, WUV, TSV, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9, and SV40; and 5 Herpesviruses (HHVs): CMV, EBV1, EBV2, HSV1, and HSV2. Our results revealed the presence of PyVs DNA in both control (16.7%) and BC tissues (18.4%). Nonetheless, HHV DNA was detected exclusively in BC tissues (23.7%), with a predominance of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (21%). In conclusion, our study highlights the presence of EBV in human BC tissues, which may play an important role in its development and/or progression. Further investigations are needed to confirm the presence/co-presence of these viruses in BC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Polyomaviruses and Herpesviruses in Moroccan Breast Cancer

et al. 2023

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“…Hair dyes [ 21 ], cigarette smoking [ 22 , 23 ], radiofrequency radiation [ 24 ], laptops, tablets, and other devices [ 25 ], hormone-based treatments [ 26 , 27 ], residential and road traffic noise [ 28 , 29 ], and dust [ 30 ] were significantly associated with tumorigenesis and invasive BCR. Last but not least, oncogenic viruses have an important role in BC initiation and development [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Exposomics

Neagu,

Jayaweera,

Corrice

et al. 2024

Life

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We are exposed to a mixture of environmental man-made and natural xenobiotics. We experience a wide spectrum of environmental exposure in our lifetime, including the effects of xenobiotics on gametogenesis and gametes that undergo fertilization as the starting point of individual development and, moreover, in utero exposure, which can itself cause the first somatic or germline mutation necessary for breast cancer (BC) initiation. Most xenobiotics are metabolized or/and bioaccumulate and biomagnify in our tissues and cells, including breast tissues, so the xenobiotic metabolism plays an important role in BC initiation and progression. Many considerations necessitate a more valuable explanation regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of xenobiotics which act as genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens. Thus, exposomics and the exposome concept are based on the diversity and range of exposures to physical factors, synthetic chemicals, dietary components, and psychosocial stressors, as well as their associated biologic processes and molecular pathways. Existing evidence for BC risk (BCR) suggests that food-borne chemical carcinogens, air pollution, ionizing radiation, and socioeconomic status are closely related to breast carcinogenesis. The aim of this review was to depict the dynamics and kinetics of several xenobiotics involved in BC development, emphasizing the role of new omics fields related to BC exposomics, such as environmental toxicogenomics, epigenomics and interactomics, metagenomics, nutrigenomics, nutriproteomics, and nutrimiRomics. We are mainly focused on food and nutrition, as well as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), involved in BC development. Overall, cell and tissue accumulation and xenobiotic metabolism or biotransformation can lead to modifications in breast tissue composition and breast cell morphology, DNA damage and genomic instability, epimutations, RNA-mediated and extracellular vesicle effects, aberrant blood methylation, stimulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), disruption of cell–cell junctions, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, metabolic reprogramming, and overexpression of mesenchymal genes. Moreover, the metabolism of xenobiotics into BC cells impacts almost all known carcinogenic pathways. Conversely, in our food, there are many bioactive compounds with anti-cancer potential, exerting pro-apoptotic roles, inhibiting cell cycle progression and proliferation, migration, invasion, DNA damage, and cell stress conditions. We can conclude that exposomics has a high potential to demonstrate how environmental exposure to xenobiotics acts as a double-edged sword, promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis in BC.

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“…Viral DNA from human papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and human herpesvirus type 8. (HHV-8) has been found in healthy and breast cancer samples [ 4 , 5 ]. However, these results show no pattern, even within the same country, and some are contradictory; moreover, there is no proof of viral breast carcinogenesis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease

Maldonado-Rodríguez

Hernández-Barrales

Reyes-López

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors are associated with this disease’s development. Various research groups worldwide have reported the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in samples of malignant breast tumors. Although its role in mammary carcinogenesis is not fully understood, it is known that the HPV genome, once inserted into host cells, has oncogenic capabilities. The present study aimed to detect the presence of HPV DNA in 116 breast tissue biopsies and classify them according to their histology. It was found that 50.9% of the breast biopsies analyzed were malignant neoplasms, of which 74.6% were histologically classified as infiltrating ductal carcinoma. In biopsies with non-malignant breast disease, fibroadenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (39.1%). Detection of HPV DNA was performed through nested PCR using the external primer MY09/11 and the internal primer GP5+/6+. A hybridization assay genotyped HPV. HPV DNA was identified in 20.3% (12/59) of malignant neoplasms and 35% non-malignant breast disease (16/46). It was also detected in 27.3% (3/11) of breast tissue biopsies without alteration. However, there are no statistically significant differences between these groups and the existence of HPV DNA (p = 0.2521). Its presence was more frequent in non-malignant alterations than in malignant neoplasias. The most frequent genotypes in the HPV-positive samples were low-risk (LR) HPV-42 followed by high-risk (HR) HPV-31.

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Interrelated Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer

Cited by 18 publications

References 107 publications

Prevalence of Polyomaviruses and Herpesviruses in Moroccan Breast Cancer

Prevalence of Polyomaviruses and Herpesviruses in Moroccan Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Exposomics

Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease

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