Interrelations in Dental Development. I. Interrelationships within the Dentition

Abstract

At the present time, as a result of recently published data,"1 2 it is possible to make a quantitative evaluation of the extent to which a posterior mandibular tooth is advanced or retarded in its formation or eruption. Such a determination, however, is of limited value until its predictive significance is known. One may ask whether advancement or retardation in the formation of one tooth is necessarily indicative of the developmental status of other teeth and whether dental advancement at one age is necessarily predictive of advanced tooth development at a later stage.Similar questions pertain not only to individual teeth but to particular morphological classes of teeth and to particular stages of development. Is the tooth an independent unit of development? Are morphological classes (here molars or premolars) consistent within themselves as to developmental status but inconsistent between tooth classes? Are particular stages of development, such as beginning calcification or apical closure, consistent across the dentition but relatively independent of other stages of somatic development? The answers to these questions clearly bear on the complex problem of the local determinants of dental development.Obviously, answers to these questions can be obtained only by serial, longitudinal analyses of developing dentitions, since in no other way can the processes of development be followed within individual children. Having such data on a sizable sample of clinically healthy, native-born American white boys and girls, we have examined in considerable detail the interrelationships, during growth and development, of the successive stages of calcification and eruptive movement of the mandibular molar and premolar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present investigation was based on the age at appearance of specified stages of tooth calcification and tooth movement as ascertained from over three thousand serial, longitudinal oblique-jaw radiographs, supplemented by lateral head plates of 259 white Ohio-born participants in the Fels Longitudinal Program.'3 Data on three calcification stages (beginning calcification, crown completion, and apical closure) and two stages of tooth eruption (alveolar eruption and attainment of the occlusal level)3 4 were converted into normalized T-scores5 and punched on standard 80-column IBM cards. Intercorrelations were then obtained for each pair of variables representing different stages of development of premolars and molars (Pl-M3).Of the total number of correlations, the majority were calculated with the aid of an electronic computer,* and the remainder were computed with a desk calculator.

Growth in root length of the mandibular canine and premolars in a mixed‐longitudinal orthodontic sample

“…Garn et al (1958), studying the mandibular premolars and molars of 255 children from the Fels longitudinal growth series, found girls to be advanced in dental development compared with boys, but by only 3% on average, and there was at least three times as much difference in skeletal maturation for those centers compared. Again using the Fels series, Garn et al (1960) found tooth calcification and tooth movement to be partially autonomous processes. For example, the correlation between alveolar eruption and apical closure for P1 was 0.52 and for P2 was 0.71.…”

“…Chronological ages were recorded in decimal years, calculated as date of film minus date of birth. Dental scores and dental ages were calculated and assigned for each film based on the Bengston (1935) Variation in eruption, especially canines and premolars Brauer and Bahador (1942) Calcification distinct process from eruption Gleser and Hunt (1955) Calcification more meaningful measure than emergence; M1 growth spurt at one-third completed root length Garn et al (1958) Sex difference in skeletal maturation greater than dental Garn et al (1960) Tooth calcification and movement partially autonomous Nolla (1960) No sex difference in length of total tooth development Grøn (1962) Majority of teeth erupt at three-quarters root complete Moorrees et al (1963a) Canine has proportionally longer roots than do premolars at emergence; increased velocity of root elongation near emergence Moorrees et al (1963b) Sex difference in root maturation (longer for males) Steel (1965) Nonsignificant developmental correlations among P2, M2, and M3 Haavikko (1970) Large cross-sectional study of dental development and eruption, Helsinki Gustafson and Koch (1974) Diagrams for four stages of dental development Anderson et al (1975Anderson et al ( , 1976 and Thompson et al (1975) Canine shows greatest sex difference; boys more variable; canine mineralization delay, males, 20%; no acceleration of dental mineralization during puberty; dental development correlates more strongly with morphological than with skeletal maturation Demirjian and Levesque (1980) Sex differences in dental development and emergence Feasby (1981) Report of ''eruption surge'' not well correlated with increased root length Moorrees and Kent (1981) MZ twin root attainment age correlations of 0.90 Dean (1985) Root cone angles measured; suggestion of faster rate of increase in root length as root extends Harris and McKee (1990) Root development more sexually dimorphic than crown development Mappes et al (1992) Intersample dental mineralization differences despite hand-wrist ossification similarity Simpson and Kunos (1998) Modified Moorrees staging technique; root elongation of canine does not change in rate with emergence; rate of root formation of premolars more rapid later in development Liversidge et al (1999) Nonsignificant dental maturation differences between London Bangladeshi and Caucasian children …”

A Study on Nutritional Status and Dental Caries in Permanent Teeth among School Going Girl of Bengalee Population, India

“…In developing countries, as development increases so does dental caries and children are at the forefront of the disease disadvantage (Naidoo & Myburgh, 2007). The strongest association, however, emerges to occur between dental eruption and skeletal growth (Garn et al, 1960;Demirjian et al, 1985). Early under nutrition in childhood affects skeletal growth and results in decreased height.…”

Reality of Forensic Odontology in Saudi Arabia

“…The identification process can be performed either by comparing ante-and post-mortem dental records to establish (to a high degree of certainty) that the remains of a decedent [16][17][18] .…”