Interrelationship and Determining Factors of Water Quality Dynamics in Whiteleg Shrimp Ponds in Tropical Eco-Green Aquaculture System

Abstract

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming is a major activity in the coastal areas of many tropical countries. To meet the demand in this market, the culture system has expanded using intensive technology, which has resulted in the emission of effluents that threaten the surrounding aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, proper aquaculture management is needed to ensure both economic and ecological benefits. This led to the emergence of eco-green aquaculture. Water quality monitoring is a critical part of aquaculture management and when performed regularly, it yields a large and complex dataset. In this study, the authors aimed to analyse the dynamics of water quality characteristics and the relationships between these variables in whiteleg shrimp ponds in a tropical eco-green aquaculture system from 2020 to 2022. Since the data includes nine parameters and is quite complex, the principal component analysis (PCA) approach was used. This method enables to identify the factors that determine water quality, which will help ensure effective and efficient aquaculture management. Consequently, the water quality variables in the studied area were reduced to five dimensions and salinity, ammonia, and pH were found to be the key factors responsible for the changes in water quality characteristics. Hence, these variables should be the focus of farming management systems.

Phytoplankton Community Stability as a Health Indicator of Whiteleg Shrimp in an Intensive Pond

“…It was a sign that the shrimp pond water was contaminated [Musa et al, 2020]. The intensification of shrimp farming to achieve high production levels generates organic waste, which comes from feed wastes and significant portions of shrimp excrement [Musa et al, 2023]. Intensive aquaculture systems with high stocking densities have waste load issues that can impact the sustainability of the shrimp habitat and the surrounding aquatic ecosystem [Iber and Kasan, 2021].…”

“…Dynamics of water quality condition of the aquaculture pond plays a great role in the successfulness of shrimp production. It takes a lot of data collection to identify the fluctuations in water quality that impacted aquaculture pond [Musa et al, 2023]. As a result, a number of studies have suggested using biological organisms to gauge the water quality of aquatic environments [McQuatters-Gollop et al, 2009;Parmar et al, 2016].…”