Interrelationship of drives in the male albino rat. I. Intercorrelations of measures of drives.

Abstract

Although many studies on animal drive 2 have appeared in recent years, most of these studies have been confined mainly to the ranking of drives according to their strength or to the determination of the effect of various factors upon the strength of drives. The determination of the relationship between drives, between drives and other performances such as learning, and between different measures of the same drive has been, for the most part, neglected. The present study was designed to obtain preliminary data concerning this comparatively neglected aspect of animal drives.A group of 50 male albino rats was given sixteen different tests, most of which were tests of the type generally used in the study of drives. Intercorrelations were obtained and subjected to a factor analysis. 8 Data concerning the test-retest reliability of some of the tests used, and data concerning the relationship of drives to maze performance were also obtained. 1 This article is based upon a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, 1934. The writer wishes to express his gratitude to his adviser, Professor Herbert Woodrow, to Doctor W. G. McAllister for his aid and advice concerning many details of the study, and to Professor C. P. Stone of Stanford University for his suggestions concerning the preparation of the manuscript for publication.* The term drive will be used in this paper to describe a behavioral tendency, without implication as to the underlying physiological mechanisms.8 A later publication will deal with the factor analysis of the correlations presented in this paper.

Sensitization of amphetamine-induced wheel running suppression in rats: dose and context factors

“…Our findings are consistent with non-drug studies that show that open field exploration is different from wheel running (Anderson 1937;Sherwin 1998). They also emphasize the importance of the specific situation in determining the AMP effect (Stewart and Badiani 1993;Robinson et al 1998).…”

“…Several methods have been used to study stimulant sensitization, including direct observation (Fray et al 1980) and automated open field chambers (Honma et al 1991;Mattingly et al 1997), but most methods measure some form of general locomotion. Wheel running is a highly structured (Sherwin 1998), rewarding (Iversen 1993) motor behavior, not correlated with general locomotion (Anderson 1937). Because it is difficult to determine what aspect of general locomotion is increased by stimulants, the effects of repeated AMP on wheel running were investigated in these experiments.…”

Reinforcing properties of arousal.

“…On the other hand, there are also reports of declines both within sessi ons and between sessions f or a variety of test procedures (Schoenfeld, Antonitus and Bersh, 1950;Anderson, 1938;Berlyne, 1955;Zimbardo and Montgomer,r, 1957;Glickman, 1958). In a third group of experimenta, declines were observed neither within nor between testing sessions (Butler and Alexander, 1955;Butler and Harlow, 1954).…”

Evolution Proposes and Ontogeny Disposes

“…(Whimbey & Denenberg, 1967) (Willingham, 1956) Emotional Reactivity Emotional Maturity Exploratory Behavior Freezing Consumption/Elimination Elimination the equivalent factors obtained by Willingham (1956), who studied outbred mice that had considerable genetic variance (''heterogeneous mice''). See also Anderson (1938aAnderson ( , 1938b. Comment.…”