Interrelationships among Childrenʼs Language, Behavior, and Emotional Problems

Gallagher, Tanya M.

doi:10.1097/00011363-199902000-00003

Cited by 141 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…A second hypothesis, which we refer to as the impaired-language development hypothesis, states that excessive use of screen entertainment media hinders language development because it mainly relies on visual processing and uses adult-like language that is not attuned to the child's cognitive ability (Nigg, 2006;Zimmerman & Christakis, 2007). Language skills are assumed to facilitate self-regulation in children by allowing for reflection on and directing of their behavior (Beaver, Delisi, Vaughn, Wright, & Boutwell, 2008;Gallagher, 1999). The presumed media-induced lack of language development is assumed to disrupt the consolidation of self-regulation (Jensen et al, 1997), leading to ADHD-related behaviors.…”

Section: Overall Media Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Nikkelen¹,

Valkenburg

Huizinga³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

250

214

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There are several theoretical reasons to believe that media use might be related to attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-related behaviors (i.e., attention problems, hyperactivity, and impulsivity). Although studies into the media-ADHD relationship have accumulated, they have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we still do not know whether children's media use and ADHD-related behaviors are related and, if so, under which conditions. To fill this gap in the literature, we first identified 6 different hypotheses that may explain why media use in general and viewing fast-paced or violent media content might be related to 1 or more ADHD-related behaviors. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis of 45 empirical studies investigating the relationship between media use and ADHDrelated behaviors in children and adolescents. Our results indicated a small significant relationship between media use and ADHD-related behaviors (r ϩ ϭ .12). Finally, we identified several specific gaps in the existing literature and presented 5 crucial directions for future research. Keywords: ADHD, attention problems, hyperactivity, impulsivity, media useIn the past four decades, children's media entertainment (e.g., cartoons, TV shows, and computer games) has changed significantly. It has become more fast-paced, violent, and arousing (Allen, Livingstone, & Reiner, 1998;Bushman, Jamieson, Weitz, & Romer, 2013;Koolstra, van Zanten, Lucassen, & Ishaak, 2004), and it has become abundantly accessible to ever younger children. These same four decades have also witnessed a significant increase in the diagnosis rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Akinbami, Liu, Pastor, & Reuben, 2011;Kelleher, McInerny, Gardner, Childs, & Wasserman, 2000;Visser et al., 2014). ADHD is a behavioral disorder characterized by a cluster of three symptoms: attention problems, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th The parallel between changes occurring in children's media environment and ADHD diagnosis rates have led to a concern among some authors that use of media entertainment may influence ADHD-related behaviors (e.g., Christakis, 2009;Jensen et al., 1997;Nigg, 2006;Sigman, 2007). Although studies into the relationship between children's media use and ADHD-related behaviors have accumulated, they have yielded mixed results (also see Kirkorian, Wartella, & Anderson, 2008;Schmidt & Vandewater, 2008). It is essential to gain more understanding of the media-ADHD relationship in order to design adequate prevention and intervention strategies aimed at children displaying behavioral problems. To date, no attempt has been made to integrate the inconsistent findings in the current literature using meta-analysis. To fill this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between the use of screen entertainment media (i.e., television viewing and video game playing) and ADHD-related behaviors in children or adolescents under the age of 18.For this ...

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Section: Overall Media Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Nikkelen¹,

Valkenburg

Huizinga³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

250

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The most frequently reported psychopathology is externalizing behavior, such as hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, conduct disorders and aggression [2,3] . Also reported are difficulties of an internalizing nature, for example low self-esteem, depression and anxiety [4][5][6] . Some studies indicate that children with language disorders tend to have poorer social skills, be withdrawn in social interactions, have less prosocial behavior and be less integrated into peer groups than children without language impairments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Stigmatization of Children with Speech-Language Impairment and Their Parents

Macharey

Suchodoletz

2008

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: Developmental disorders in childhood are generally assumed to have stigmatizing effects. The goal of the present study was to assess whether parents of children with speech-language impairment perceive stigmatization of their child or themselves and which variables influence the degree of negative labeling. Subjects and Methods: The study was based on 362 questionnaires completed by parents of children with speech-language impairment. The questionnaires concerned perceived stigmatization by other children, other adults and family members as a result of the child’s developmental problems. Results: In our sample, about 50% of the parents reported negative labeling of their child and about 30% felt they were involved in the stigmatizing process. Parents whose children also had behavioral problems more often reported negative labeling than parents whose children did not. Conclusion: The findings suggest that parents of children with speech-language disorders often perceive stigmatization of their children or themselves. In counseling such families, professionals should therefore address stigmatization and its consequences as a separate and important issue.

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“…As Gallagher [18] notes, aggressive children use, due to limited language skills, less verbal communication and more direct physical actions to solve interpersonal problems. This seems germane to the studied population surveyed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohen and associates note that CDs are infrequently inquired about, screened for, or diagnosed in such settings [16][17][18]. Thus they are rarely considered in case formulations or in recommendations upon discharge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%