Interrelationships and Conversion Factors between Expressions of the Digestible Energy Value of Forages

Heaney, D. P.; Pigden, W. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1963.224956x

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rumen-fistulated steer used as the source of rumen fluid was fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay. Estimated total digestible nutrient (TON) intake was estimated for each pasture from available data (8) and NRC tabulations (12). The effect of N fertilization on forage growth and composition, and the relationship of forage composition to animal performance werl."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers¹

Fribourg¹,

McLaren²,

Barth³

et al. 1979

Agronomy Journal

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Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) has high potential summer forage production and can help fill the gap in foragebeef production systems during late summer. The productivity and quality of ‘Midland’ grown at four levels of N fertilization (0, 112, 224, 448 kg.ha) as forage systems for grazing beef steers were compared to those of common bermudagrass (C. dactylon var. dactylon) fertilized with 112 kg N/ha and of a mixture of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L) and ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) (Orc.‐Lad.). Pastures were grazed by a put‐and‐take system to maintain bermudagrass pastures at an average height ≥ 3.5 cm and ≤ 10 cm, and Orc.‐Lad. ≥ 8 cm and ≤ 15 cm. Forage growth and consumption were estimated by the cage‐and‐strip method. Forage production and animal performance were different in all treatments for the two periods April through June (spring) and July through September (summer). Average length of grazing season (23 April to 12 September) was not affected by N fertilization. Bermudagrass production was similar in spring and summer, and was increased greatly by N in both periods. Forage production of Orc.‐Lad. was twice as large in spring as in summer. Average stocking rate ranged from 3.7 steers/ha on Midland‐0 to 9.9 on Midland448 in April through June, and from 2.7 steers/ha on 0rc.‐Lad. to 14.3 on Midland448 pastures in July through September. Animal grazing days/ha for the entire season ranged from 546 on Midland‐0 to 1,759 on Midland448 pastures. Total beef production (kg/ha) was 162, 283, 350, 605, 308, and 561 from Midland‐0, ‐112, ‐224, ‐448, Common‐112, and Orc.‐Lad. pastures for the entire season, respectively. These values were associated with average gains (weighted for period within season) of 0.33, 0.41, 0.38, 0.44, 0.49, and 0.84 kg/steer/day and estimated forage dry matter intakes of 8.2, 8.9, 6.0, 5.7, 8.1, and 8.7 kg/steer/day, respectively. Most of the beef production occurred in spring. High stocking rates were necessary to harvest grazable forage and maintain grass in a young leafy stage in Midland224 and ‐448 pastures; thus, grazing selectivity was minimized and probably led to low intakes. Since 112 kg N/ha were not sufficient to produce acceptable quantities of forage or beef, a rate of 175 to 200 kg/ha on Midland is recommended for the future. At that N level, Midland will produce more than common which, at lower N levels, outproduced Midland.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers¹

Fribourg¹,

McLaren²,

Barth³

et al. 1979

Agronomy Journal

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“…Organic matter digestibility of lactating cow diets was obtained in two ways: from the total tract collection of the in vivo experiment and from the equation of Heaney and Pigden (1963) based on the relationship between total digestible nutrient and organic matter digestibility. Total digestible nutrients were estimated from dietary Nel predicted by the model (Fox et al, 2004) using the following equation: TDN=(NEl + 0.12)/0.0245 (Moe and Tyrrell, 1976).…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment Of Milk Production In Three Forage Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of corn silage with sorghum silages in lactating cow diets: In vivo methane emission and global warming potential of milk production

Colombini

Zucali

Rapetti

et al. 2015

Agricultural Systems

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“…Dry pregnant beef cows require a total digestible nutrient (TDN) concentration of 50% (NRC, 1970). Assuming that TDN is similar numerically to IVDMD (Heaney and Pigden, 1963), the stockpiled tall fescue in Exp. I would probably provide adequate TDN during December with the exception of forage from the mid-June, 180 kgjha N treatment.…”

Section: Experiments Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of N Fertilization and Cutting Schedules on Stockpiled Tall Fescue. II. Forage Quality¹

Collins¹,

Balasko

1981

Agronomy Journal

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Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the coolseason grass used most frequently to extend the grazing season in mid‐latitude states of the midwestern and eastern United States. Insufficient information is available regarding the influence of fertilization and harvest management on the quality of stockpiled tall fescue forage available during winter. Results of two field experiments dealing with the influence of cutting and N fertilization management on stockpiled tall fescue quality and chemical composition are reported. In Exp. I, treatments consisted of four N rates: 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha applied as split applications of one‐half in March and one‐half in August; three dates when stockpiling began (1) mid‐June, (2) early July, and (3) mid‐July; and three autumn and winter harvest dates (1) mid‐December, (2) mid‐January, and (3) mid‐February. The soil used in Exp. I was a well‐drained loam (Typic Hapludults) with high levels of P and K. The treatment with the greatest influence on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) was winter harvest date. Forage IVDMD decreased from 47.3% hi mid‐December to 41.1% by mid‐February. Crude protein (CP) concentration increased from 7.4% at 0 N to 10.4% at the 180 kg/ha N rate averaged over all other treatments and 2 years. Forage P and Mg concentrations were below minimum requirements for dry beef cows by late whiter. In Exp. II, conducted on a silt loam soil (Typic Fragiudalfs), treatments included four N rates: 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg/ha applied at the last summer or autumn cutting which occurred in either early September, mid‐September, or early October. In this experiment, all accumulated forage was harvested in late winter. Nitrogen fertilization increased forage IVDMD and CP, water soluble carbohydrate, K, and Mg concentrations in the stockpiled forage. Data from the two experiments Indicate that supplementation of energy, P, and Mg may be necessary in utilizing stockpiled tall fescue during January and February.

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Interrelationships and Conversion Factors between Expressions of the Digestible Energy Value of Forages

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers¹

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers¹

Substitution of corn silage with sorghum silages in lactating cow diets: In vivo methane emission and global warming potential of milk production

Effects of N Fertilization and Cutting Schedules on Stockpiled Tall Fescue. II. Forage Quality¹

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Interrelationships and Conversion Factors between Expressions of the Digestible Energy Value of Forages

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers1

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers1

Substitution of corn silage with sorghum silages in lactating cow diets: In vivo methane emission and global warming potential of milk production

Effects of N Fertilization and Cutting Schedules on Stockpiled Tall Fescue. II. Forage Quality1

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Product

Resources

About

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers¹

Productivity and Quality of Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass‐Ladino Clover Pastures for Beef Steers¹

Effects of N Fertilization and Cutting Schedules on Stockpiled Tall Fescue. II. Forage Quality¹