Interrelationships and Methods for Improving University Students' Sense of Gain, Sense of Security, and Happiness

Abstract

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stressed the necessity to “keep up with people's ever-growing needs for a better life. We will continue to promote social fairness and justice, develop effective social governance, and maintain public order. With this we should see that our people will always have a strong sense of gain, happiness, and sense of security.” In this study, 646 university students were surveyed using the Demographic Questionnaire, Sense of Gain Scale, Sense of Security Scale, Orientations to Happiness Scale, and Prosocial Behavior Tendencies Scale to explore the relationships among sense of gain, sense of security and happiness (including meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness), and to discuss methods for enhancing them on the basis of prosocial behaviors. The results revealed that (1) sense of gain had significant positive correlations with meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness but a significant negative correlation with sense of security. Sense of security did not have a significant correlation with the three types of happiness. Prosocial behaviors had significant positive correlations with sense of gain and the three types of happiness but shared no significant correlation with sense of security. (2) Sense of gain significantly and positively predicted meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness, whereas the interaction between sense of security and sense of gain did not yield a significant prediction for the three types of happiness. Prosocial behaviors significantly and positively predicted sense of gain and the three types of happiness. (3) Sense of gain had mediating effects on the relationships between prosocial behaviors and meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness, whereas sense of security did not have a moderating effect on the relationships between sense of gain and the three types of happiness. Prosocial behaviors directly affect meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness and can indirectly influence happiness through enhancing a sense of gain. The implementation of prosocial behaviors can not only provide help for others, but also promote the self-satisfaction of the behavior agents and help them get more happiness.

Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students

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How to Enhance Citizens’ Sense of Gain in Smart Cities? A SWOT-AHP-TOWS Approach

“…The Citizen’s sense of gain (CSG) is an emerging concept, and it has been applied to various domain-specific matters. There is a consensus that CSG is the combination of “sense of spiritual gain” and “sense of material gain” (Feng & Zhong, 2021 ; Gu et al, 2020 ). The sense of spiritual gain refers to one’s overall feelings regarding the advantages of economic and social growth, such as the right to enjoy fairness and justice, realizing self-worth and social value, and a rise in economic and social status.…”

“…To achieve citizen-centric, more and more studies focus on the CSG enhancement strategies. Feng and Zhong ( 2021 ) used a structural equation model to analyze the relationship between college students’ sense of gain, sense of security, and happiness, and proposed strategies (participate in social activities and enhance communication with others) to enhance college students’ sense of gain. Gu et al ( 2020 ) developed a comprehensive framework for the concept of Employee Sense of Gain and proposed strategies to enhance environmental, social, and corporate governance ESG.…”

“…A range of national policies, such as The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and The 14th Five-Year Plan have been proposed to break the technocentric development mode and emphasize the improvement of the citizen sense of gain (CSG). CSG is defined as the sense of obtaining based on the satisfaction of material benefits and spiritual benefits (Feng & Zhong, 2021 ; Gu et al, 2020 ), and it holds the potential to help measure the effectiveness of citizen-centric development efforts in China (Wan & Guo, 2021 ). According to its definition, CSG can be divided into citizens’ sense of material gain and citizens’ sense of spiritual gain.…”