Interrelationships ofDictyocaulusspp. in Wild Ruminants with Morphological Description ofDictyocaulus cervin. sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) from Red Deer,Cervus elaphus

Pyziel, Anna M.; Laskowski, Zdzisław; Demiaszkiewicz, A.W.; Höglund, Johan

doi:10.1645/16-75

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In many cases, helminth parasites are characterized by subclinical effects, but particularly in overpopulation they are key to bottom-up population control and can cause a decline in population size ( Davidson et al, 2015 ; Filip and Demiaszkiewicz, 2016 ). Although moose are characterized by relatively high susceptibility to parasitic diseases, studies on parasite species richness in moose population in Poland have been scarce ( Filip-Hutsch et al, 2020 ) when compared with other ungulate species such as the European bison ( Bison bonasus ; Karbowiak et al, 2014a , 2014b ; Kołodziej-Sobocińska et al, 2018 ; Krzysiak et al, 2020 ) or red deer ( Cervus elaphus ; Pilarczyk et al, 2005 ; Kowal et al, 2015 ; Pyziel et al, 2017 ; Demiaszkiewicz et al, 2018 ). This study is the first attempt at molecular identification of endoparasite species in one of the densest, non-harvested moose populations in Central Europe (the Biebrza valley, NE Poland).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-biased polyparasitism in moose (Alces alces) based on molecular analysis of faecal samples

Świsłocka

Borkowska

Matosiuk

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Simultaneous infection with multiple parasite species in an individual host is often observed in wild populations. The understanding of parasite species distribution across populations of wild animals is of basic and applied importance, because parasites can have pronounced effects on the dynamics of host population. Here, we quantified prevalence and endoparasite species richness in moose and explored sex-biased polyparasitism using diagnostic PCR method coupled with DNA sequencing of moose faecal samples from the Biebrza River valley, North-Eastern Poland. This is the largest moose population in Central Europe that has not been harvested for almost 20 years. We also evaluated the appropriate quantity of faeces for detecting DNA of parasite species. Faecal samples were screened for molecular markers of 10 different species of endoparasites. Endoparasite prevalence was high in the studied population. Almost all of the samples (98%) tested positive for at least one parasite species, and we found polyparasitism in the majority of the tested individuals. The number of different parasite species found in a single individual ranged from 0 to 9. The parasite species richness was significantly higher in male than in female individuals. The most prevalent were liver fluke Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha and gastrointestinal nematodes Ostertargia sp. Of the ten endoparasite species detected, only the prevalence of the tapeworm Moniezia benedeni was significantly higher in males than in females. Additionally, we identified co-occurrence associations of parasite species, which tended to be random, but we noted some evidence of both positive and negative associations. Our findings promote applications of molecular methods for parasite species identification from non-invasively collected faecal samples in management and scientific study of moose population, which should include investigation of parasite status, and in health monitoring programs for other wild cervids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-biased polyparasitism in moose (Alces alces) based on molecular analysis of faecal samples

Świsłocka

Borkowska

Matosiuk

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…In lungworms of the genus Dictyocaulus from wild ungulates from Hungary different gene flow rates suggested different host range capacities in the three species Dictyocaulus eckerti, Dictyocaulus capreolus , and Dictyocaulus viviparus with D. eckerti being the most generalist species, while D. capreolus seems to have a cryptic genetic structure ( 50 ). As red deer was shown to harbor lungworms, which were genetically distinct from the other Dictyocaulus species, a new name, Dictyocaulus cervi , was proposed recently ( 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Helminths between Species of Ruminants in Austria Appears More Likely to Occur than Generally Assumed

2018

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Helminth infections of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs can lead to devastating economical losses to the pastoral based animal production. Farm animals can suffer from malnutrition, tissue damage, and blood loss resulting in impaired production traits and reproduction parameters. In Austria, pastures grazed by sheep, goats, and cattle overlap with the habitats of several species of wild cervids (roe deer, red deer, sika deer, and fallow deer) and bovids (mouflon, chamois, and ibex), and transmission of parasites between different ruminant species seems likely. A complete and updated overview on the occurrence of helminths of domestic and wild ruminants in Austria is presented. Based on these data, intersections of the host spectrum of the determined parasites were depicted. The “liability index” was applied to identify the ruminant species, which most likely transmit parasites between each other. A degree for host specificity was calculated for each parasite species based on the average taxonomic distance of their host species. Of the 73 identified helminth species 42 were identified as generalists, and 14 transmission experiments supported the assumed broad host specificity for 14 generalists and 1 specialist helminth species. Overall, 61 helminths were found to infect more than one host species, and 4 were found in all 10 ruminant species investigated. From these analyses, it can be concluded that a number of helminth parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs are potentially transmitted between domestic and wild ruminants in Austria. For some parasites and host species, experimental evidence is in support for possible transmission, while for other such studies are lacking. Host preference of different genotypes of the same parasite species may have a confounding effect on the evaluation of cross-transmission, but so far this has not been evaluated systematically in helminths in Austria. Further studies focusing on experimental cross-transmission and genetic characterization are needed to define the potential consequences for the epidemiology of those parasites, animal welfare, and economic impact.

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“…Dictyocaulus spp. found in the lungs of cervids were previously often identified as D. viviparus (bovine lung worm) but according to recent studies, the valid names of Dictyocaulus in reindeer and red deer are D. eckerti and D. cervi respectively (see Pyziel et al, 2017). Both Elaphostrongylus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaphostrongylus and Dictyocaulus infections in Norwegian wild reindeer and red deer populations in relation to summer pasture altitude and climate

Handeland

Davidson

Viljugrein

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Nematodes of the genera Elaphostrongylus and Dictyocaulus are associated with disease in semi-domesticated tundra reindeer and farmed red deer whereas less knowledge exists in the wild. Their first stage larvae (L1) develop to the infective third stage (L3) in the environment; Elaphostrongylus spp. within intermediate gastropod hosts and Dictyocaulus spp. as free-living larvae. Larval development of Elaphostrongylus is highly temperature dependent with a developmental minimum of 9–10 °C. Larval development of Dictyocaulus spp. may occur at low temperatures (5 °C) but the larvae are sensitive to desiccation. We examined the prevalence and intensity of Elaphostrongylus spp. and Dictyocaulus spp. infections in six wild reindeer and two wild red deer populations in relation to altitude, temperature and rainfall in their respective main summer pasture area over the 5 summers prior to sampling. The parasitological examination was based upon morphological identification of L1 in the faeces of hunted animals. Altitude was calculated from animal position data and temperature and precipitation by means of a nationwide gridded data set. Temperature decreased with increasing altitude, from 13.3 °C for the lowest located red deer population (300 m) to 6.1 °C for the highest located reindeer population (1400 m). No significant relationship between altitude and rainfall was identified. Elaphostrongylus spp. infection decreased in prevalence with increasing altitude, being identified in 89% of investigated samples from the lowest located population and in 3% of samples from the highest. The prevalence of Dictyocaulus spp. infection varied between 28 and 80% and no relationship with altitude was found. The intensity of Elaphostrongylus spp. infection was low in reindeer and moderate in red deer whereas the intensity of Dictyocaulus spp. infection was moderate in both species. Our results indicated that the climatic conditions in all areas studied were suitable for Dictyocaulus spp., whereas summer temperature was a restrictive factor for Elaphostrongylus sp. in reindeer.

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Interrelationships ofDictyocaulusspp. in Wild Ruminants with Morphological Description ofDictyocaulus cervin. sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) from Red Deer,Cervus elaphus

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Sex-biased polyparasitism in moose (Alces alces) based on molecular analysis of faecal samples

Sex-biased polyparasitism in moose (Alces alces) based on molecular analysis of faecal samples

Transmission of Helminths between Species of Ruminants in Austria Appears More Likely to Occur than Generally Assumed

Elaphostrongylus and Dictyocaulus infections in Norwegian wild reindeer and red deer populations in relation to summer pasture altitude and climate

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