“…Based on this, it is necessary to conduct a professional development program to improve digital literacy skills by using digital technology effectively, especially in the field of education (Gündüzalp, 2021;Liu, Tretyakova, Fedorov & Kharakhordina, 2020;Maphosa & Bhebhe, 2019;Radovanović et al, 2020;Timotheou, Miliou, Dimitriadis, Sobrino, Giannoutsou, Cachia et al, 2023). Learning processes are needed to explore how the integration of technology resources in the classroom evolves along with the transformation of educational materials (Sanz, Melgarejo & López-Iñesta, 2023), So this will also affect the students' perception to the learning media.…”