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Introduction: Alterations in normal sleep patterns are common in intensive care patients and can instigate psychological and physiological dysfunctions, increasing morbidity and, consequently, mortality. Objective: This study will determine the impact of sleep to which sleep is impaired in intensive care patients and identify action strategies to improve sleep and comfort in these patients. Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PICO method. The search terms were "critically ill adult patients," "nursing care," and "sleep promotion." Nine articles were included for analysis, published between 2018 and 2023. Results and discussion: Most studies confirm that patients in intensive care units have poor sleep. Evidence shows that the main causes of poor sleep in intensive care units are essentially focused on aspects inherent to the environment and the behavior of health professionals. The interventions to be implemented aim to create an environment conducive to sleep, recognizing its role in the patient's recovery. This includes stabilizing the nighttime environment, reducing staff conversations, reducing lighting and alarm call volume, and promoting relaxation techniques through massage, music therapy, mental imagery and relaxation. Conclusions: Sleep promotion in this patient population should be a higher priority for nurses and intensive care professionals. Sleep should be a focus during the day and night to maintain patients' natural circadian rhythms as much as possible.
Introduction: Alterations in normal sleep patterns are common in intensive care patients and can instigate psychological and physiological dysfunctions, increasing morbidity and, consequently, mortality. Objective: This study will determine the impact of sleep to which sleep is impaired in intensive care patients and identify action strategies to improve sleep and comfort in these patients. Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PICO method. The search terms were "critically ill adult patients," "nursing care," and "sleep promotion." Nine articles were included for analysis, published between 2018 and 2023. Results and discussion: Most studies confirm that patients in intensive care units have poor sleep. Evidence shows that the main causes of poor sleep in intensive care units are essentially focused on aspects inherent to the environment and the behavior of health professionals. The interventions to be implemented aim to create an environment conducive to sleep, recognizing its role in the patient's recovery. This includes stabilizing the nighttime environment, reducing staff conversations, reducing lighting and alarm call volume, and promoting relaxation techniques through massage, music therapy, mental imagery and relaxation. Conclusions: Sleep promotion in this patient population should be a higher priority for nurses and intensive care professionals. Sleep should be a focus during the day and night to maintain patients' natural circadian rhythms as much as possible.
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