“…Second, CISB requires additional time and technical skill for insertion, and more resources for procurement and management. 8 Of concern, potentially serious complications have been associated with the use of CISB, including catheter malposition (1.5%), 9,10 dislodgement (1.5%), 9,11,12 infection (3%), 13 myotoxicity (0.05%), 14 phrenic nerve block (100%), 15,16 and even a potential risk of compression leading to persistent hemi-diaphragmatic palsy. 12,17 Consequently, concerns regarding the safety of CISB has limited its clinical use.…”