Robotic welding requires a higher weld image resolution for easy weld identification; however, the higher the resolution, the higher the cost. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved CLAHE algorithm, which can not only effectively denoise and retain edge information but also improve the contrast of images. First, an improved bilateral filtering algorithm is used to process high-resolution images to remove noise while preserving edge details. Then, the CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization) algorithm and Gaussian masking algorithm are used to enhance the enhanced image, and then differential processing is used to reduce the noise in the two images, while preserving the details of the image, enhancing the image contrast, and obtaining the final enhanced image. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by comparing the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity with other algorithms.