When two young members of the Just Stop Oil coalition, Phoebe Plummer and Anna Holland, threw tomato soup on Vincent van Gogh's Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers painting in the London National Gallery in October 2022 to draw attention to the need to end fossil fuel dependence, they ignited a firestorm. 1 Critics on the left and right impugned their tactic as performative, immature, and counterproductive. But creating controversy was the point. As Plummer explained on social media, "What we're doing is getting the conversation going so we can ask the questions that matter" (Free Seed Films, 2022). The question Plummer and Holland hoped to inject into public consciousness was why people do not feel the same levels of horror and outrage when witnessing the destruction of the planet and its people as when seeing a beautiful work of art defaced (Quiroz, 2022).Whether through dramatic direct actions, individual acts of resistance, community organizing, power-building, and/or mass protests in the streets, youth activists are sparking important conversations about what is right and what must change in their institutions, nation-states, and the world in order to secure a just and viable future for themselves and others. These conversations are not simply academic. How they are taken up, debated, and ultimately decided is highly consequential, and no one has a greater stake in them than young people, who have many more years left to live than their adult counterparts. Remembering this timeframe is one key to understanding what drives so many young people to take action to try to effect change in what they feel is an untenable status quo. As Phoebe Plummer told a reporter, "I'm doing this so that one day I can look at my niece or nephew in the eye and say, 'I fought for your future'" (Quiroz, 2022).As we write this introduction, the future feels less assured and more precarious for many young people -especially those from more marginalized backgrounds -around the world. They are growing up in an era marked by ever more frequent and more extreme climate shocks and more catastrophic climate changes; a global pandemic that has decreased global life expectancy, served as a mass disabling event, upended schooling, and sent shockwaves through the global economy; a major land war in Europe, a civil war in Sudan, and the return of the Taliban in Afghanistan; widening inequality; an increase in hate crimes directed against minoritized populations as well as police or state-sanctioned violence; and a dramatic rise in authoritarianism around the world (Rhodes, 2022). While the threats are more imminent and graver for some young people than others, the majority of youth activists today seem to be grappling with existential questions. Will the planet be inhabitable when I'm an adult? How can I live in a society that invalidates my identity or strips me of basic rights to bodily autonomy? If I speak up, will I be beaten, disappeared, or killed?For many years, a common paradigm used to explain youth activism has been biographical availability...