Intersections between environmental reward availability, loss aversion, and delay discounting as potential risk factors for cigarette smoking and other substance use

Thrailkill, Eric A.; DeSarno, Michael; Higgins, Stephen T.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107270

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Cigarette smoking is positively associated with another bias in decision making, delay discounting (DD), or the rate at which rewards lose value as a function of delay to their receipt (Bickel et al, 1999;Madden et al, 1997). Importantly, in each of our prior studies on LA and smoking risk, the association between lower LA and smoking risk was demonstrated to be independent of DD (Thrailkill et al, 2022a(Thrailkill et al, , 2022b. Similarly, the association between higher DD and increased risk of smoking was shown to be independent of LA.…”

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confidence: 77%

“…Consistent with our prior studies (Thrailkill et al, 2022a(Thrailkill et al, , 2022b, in addition to including DD as covariate when examining LA as a risk factor, we also included DD as a positive control in the present study. DD is a well-established bias in decision making that predicts smoking and a wide range of other unhealthy behavior patterns and as such can serve as a useful positive control for analyses conducted with LA (Bickel & Mueller, 2009).…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Approximately the same number of participants identified as male and female were recruited from three levels of educational attainment (≤high school diploma/General Education Development, some college, ≥college degree). Sample size was not determined in advance but approximated the size of our previous samples obtained using similar methods (Thrailkill et al, 2022a(Thrailkill et al, , 2022b. Based on our previous power analyses and findings, the sample size was determined to provide >80% statistical power to detect statistically significant differences on LA and DD measures at p < .05 (two-tailed test).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LA was measured with a series of hypothetical gambles (Thrailkill et al, 2022a(Thrailkill et al, , 2022b. Instructions described the task as a series of gambles offering a 50−50 chance of either winning one amount (gain) or losing a different amount (loss) of money.…”

Section: Loss Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From trial to trial, gains and losses appeared on the left and right sides of the screen with equal frequency. This task has been previously used to measure LA with in-person and MTurk samples (Thrailkill et al, 2022a(Thrailkill et al, , 2022bTom et al, 2007). For each participant, LA was calculated as the proportion of trials on which the lottery was played (recorded an "accept" or "strongly accept" response).…”

Section: Loss Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss aversion predicts cigarette smoking status across levels of sociodemographic characteristics.

Thrailkill¹,

DeSarno²,

Higgins³

2024

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Loss aversion (LA) is a tendency to be more sensitive to potential losses relative to similar gains. Low LA is associated with increased risk for cigarette smoking and use of other substances. Previous studies of LA and smoking risk controlled for potentially confounding influences of sociodemographic characteristics associated with smoking risk. The present study replicates these earlier observations while also examining the generality of the association between low LA and smoking risk within different levels of each of the five sociodemographic risk factors for smoking (age, educational attainment, gender, income, race/ethnicity). Parallel analyses were conducted using delay discounting (DD) as a positive control; DD is a decisionmaking bias regarding the rate at which rewards lose value with increasing delay to receipt. Participants were recruited using standard crowdsourcing methods and completed a sociodemographics questionnaire, a hypothetical gamble task measure of LA, and a monetary choice measure of DD. Low LA was associated with increased risk of cigarette smoking after accounting for the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and DD. Similarly, high DD was associated with increased risk of cigarette smoking after accounting for the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and LA. Further analyses showed that associations of LA with smoking risk or DD with smoking risk generally although not always remained significant within varying levels of the sociodemographic characteristics of interest. These results provide support for low LA as a reliable risk factor for smoking that has generality within and across sociodemographic characteristics and closely parallels associations observed with DD and smoking risk. Public Health SignificanceLoss aversion may influence the risk for unhealthy substance use and other health-risk behaviors. We found that the relationship of low loss aversion and cigarette smoking is robust and extends across levels of a wide range of sociodemographic characteristics. Low loss aversion is an important risk factor for cigarette smoking and other substance use and deserves further study.

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confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Loss Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Loss Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss aversion predicts cigarette smoking status across levels of sociodemographic characteristics.

Thrailkill¹,

DeSarno²,

Higgins³

2024

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Preference for Immediate Rewards in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Shared Intermediate Phenotype?

Scheres,

Balan,

Paraskevopoulou

et al. 2024

Curr Addict Rep

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Purpose of Review This brief review explores to what extent ADHD and SUD are both associated with reward-related impulsivity, operationalized as steep delay discounting (DD). However, an integrated view on DD as a potentially shared intermediate phenotype for these frequently co-occurring conditions is lacking. Recent Findings Though mostly studied in separate conditions, some studies have investigated DD specifically in patients with co-occurring conditions of SUD and ADHD. In addition to reviewing literature that has documented the associations between ADHD and relatively steep DD and between SUD and relatively steep DD, we also reviewed more recent literature in which steep DD has been examined as a transdiagnostic mechanism. Summary Overall, literature on DD in SUD suggests a dose-response relation between SUD severity and DD. The literature suggests that relatively steep DD is a mechanism associated to (ab)use of a range of substances. As for the link between DD and ADHD, several meta-analyses reported steeper DD in individuals with ADHD than controls (medium effect sizes). Because these bodies of literature are based on studies in which the influence of comorbidity was not assessed, it is hard to conclude that relatively steep DD is directly related to the ADHD symptoms per se, or to the SUD per se. Therefore, a close inspection of more recent literature in which comorbidity was taken into account, and DD was treated as a transdiagnostic mechanism, was included here. Based on this reviewed recent work, we propose a model about the nature of the co-occurrence of ADHD, SUD, and DD. Implications of the nature of co-occurring ADHD, SUD, and relatively steep DD for prevention and intervention strategies are discussed.

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Behavior change, health, and health disparities 2022: Innovations in tobacco control and regulatory science to decrease cigarette smoking

Higgins¹

2022

Preventive Medicine

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Intersections between environmental reward availability, loss aversion, and delay discounting as potential risk factors for cigarette smoking and other substance use

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Loss aversion predicts cigarette smoking status across levels of sociodemographic characteristics.

Loss aversion predicts cigarette smoking status across levels of sociodemographic characteristics.

Preference for Immediate Rewards in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Shared Intermediate Phenotype?

Behavior change, health, and health disparities 2022: Innovations in tobacco control and regulatory science to decrease cigarette smoking

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