Interseismic deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba from GPS measurements

Castro-Perdomo, Nicolas; Viltres, Renier; Masson, Frédéric; Klinger, Y.; Liu, Shaozhuo; Dhahry, Maher; Ulrich, Patrice; Bernard, Jean-Daniel; Matrau, Rémi; Alothman, Abdulaziz; Zahran, Hani; Reilinger, Robert; Martin, P.; Jónsson, Sigurjón

doi:10.1093/gji/ggab353

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The predicted velocities along the Arabian‐Sinai plate boundary indicate primarily transtensional motions along the Dead Sea transform fault, consistent with 4.4–4.7 ± 0.3 mm/yr of left‐lateral strike‐slip, and ∼0.8 ± 0.4 mm/yr of extension, except for the Lebanon restraining bend area (Figures 1 and 3). Our estimates are in good agreement with recent studies in the region constrained by GNSS (e.g., Al Tarazi et al., 2011; ArRajehi et al., 2010; Castro‐Perdomo et al., 2021; Gomez et al., 2020; Hamiel & Piatibratova, 2019; Mahmoud et al., 2005; Masson et al., 2015; Reilinger et al., 2006; Sadeh et al., 2012), InSAR (e.g., Li et al., 2021) and geological data (e.g., Ferry et al., 2007; Klinger et al., 2000; Niemi et al., 2001), particularly south of the Lebanon restraining bend (Figure 1). At the center latitude of the Lebanon restraining bend (∼34°N) where the block boundary turns eastward, our angular velocities predict average compressional motions of ∼1.1 ± 0.4 mm/yr, consistent with the suggested shortening of the bend and in the Palmyride Mountains area (e.g., Alchalbi et al., 2010; ArRajehi et al., 2010; Kazmin, 2001, Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate

et al. 2022

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The present‐day motions in and around the Arabian plate involve a broad spectrum of tectonic processes including plate subduction, continental collision, seafloor spreading, intraplate magmatism, and continental transform faulting. Therefore, good constraints on the relative plate rates and directions, and on possible intraplate deformation, are crucial to assess the seismic hazard at the boundaries of the Arabian plate and areas within it. Here we combine GNSS‐derived velocities from 168 stations located on the Arabian plate with a regional kinematic block model to provide updated estimates of the present‐day motion and internal deformation of the plate. A single Euler pole at 50.93 ± 0.15°N, 353.91 ± 0.25°E with a rotation rate of 0.524 ± 0.001°/Ma explains well almost all the GNSS station velocities relative to the ITRF14 reference frame, confirming the large‐scale rigidity of the plate. Internal strain rates at the plate‐wide scale (∼0.4 nanostrain/yr) fall within the limits for stable plate interiors, indicating that differential motions are compensated for internally, which further supports the coherent rigid motion of the Arabian plate at present. At a smaller scale, however, we identified several areas within the plate that accommodate strain rates of up to ∼8 nanostrain/yr. Anthropogenic activity and possible subsurface magmatic activity near the western margin of the Arabian plate are likely responsible for the observed local internal deformation. Put together, our results show a remarkable level of stability for the Arabian lithosphere, which can withstand the long‐term load forces associated with active continental collision in the northeast and breakup to the southwest with minimal internal deformation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate

et al. 2022

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“…The geodetic and geologic slip-rate estimates are largely consistent for the southern and central DSF. In the south, geodetic slip rates of ~5 mm/year are similar to those from offset geological markers spanning a range of periods since the formation of the DSF ( 2 , 12 – 23 ). Also, the geodetic slip rate of 3 to 4 mm/year at the Yammouneh fault of the Lebanese restraining bend agrees with the lower bound of the Late Pleistocene/Holocene slip rate of 3.8 to 6.4 mm/year ( 24 – 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The northward reduction in fault parallel velocities in the BOI results is in accord with what GNSS observations have shown ( 36 ). We compiled multiple GNSS results into one solution ( 12 , 14 , 15 , 35 , 36 , 47 ) and when displayed in the Arabian plate reference frame (Fig. 1C), the relative motion between Arabia and the coastal ranges of Syria is small, clearly smaller than the relative motion across the DSF further south.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Competing interests: the authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All original Sentinel-1 SAR data are available at the copernicus Open Access hub (https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/) and GnSS velocities are from published studies (12,14,15,35,36,47). the seismic data are available from eMSc (https://www.emsc-csem.org/).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Resolving the slip-rate inconsistency of the northern Dead Sea fault

Li,

Jónsson,

Liu

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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Reported fault slip rates, a key quantity for earthquake hazard and risk analyses, have been inconsistent for the northern Dead Sea fault (DSF). Studies of offset geological and archeological structures suggest a slip rate of 4 to 6 millimeters per year, consistent with the southern DSF, whereas geodetic slip-rate estimates are only 2 to 3 millimeters per year. To resolve this inconsistency and overcome limited access to the northern DSF in Syria, we here use burst-overlap interferometric time-series analysis of satellite radar images to provide an independent slip-rate estimate of ~2.8 millimeters per year. We also show that the high geologic slip rate could, by chance, be inflated by earthquake clustering and suggest that the slip-rate decrease from the southern to northern DSF can be explained by splay faults and diffuse offshore deformation. These results suggest a microplate west of the northern DSF and a lower earthquake hazard for that part of the fault.

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“…1a). The GoA is formed by the series of three deep pull-apart: the Dakar Deep in the southern part, the Aragonese Deep in the middle and the Elat Deep in the northern-part (Castro-Perdomo et al, 2021) (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Source Parameters of Significant Earthquakes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

Badreldin

Saadalla

El-Ata

et al. 2022

IGJ

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Several seismological and paloseismolgical studies and historical reports have indicated that Gulf of Aqaba is characterized by higher seismicity than any other seismogenic sources around Egypt. Accordingly, surrounding areas have been impacted by several destructive earthquakes (AD 1068, AD 1212, AD 1229, AD 1458, and AD 1995). Cities situated around the Gulf of Aqaba have experienced different damage levels due to historical and instrumental earthquakes resulting in considerable fatalities. The Aqaba earthquake which occurred on November 22, 1995 (Moment magnitude (Mw) = 7.3) was the largest recorded earthquake along with the Dead Sea Fault System, strongly felt at Eastern Mediterranean region. Many seismic sequences have ocuuerd in the Gulf of Aqaba in the last decades and some of them continued for almost two years. This paper applies a spectral decomposition method based on a reference site to correct the source spectra from the path and site effects by employing Iterative Least Square analysis. The obtained displacement source spectra are modulated with Brune’s omega square type spectrum. The dynamic earthquakes parameters are computed using the S-wave window for the significant Gulf of Aqaba earthquakes. 50 earthquakes have been used in this study with Ml 3.0 to 6. The calculated seismic moments range spans from 1.48E+19 to 2.193E+22 dyne-cm, and the corner frequency range spans from 4.1 to 8.5 Hz. The source radii span which range from 84.3 m to 173.4 meters. The observed stress drops vary from 0.3 to 371.7 megapascal (Mpa).

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Interseismic deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba from GPS measurements

Cited by 8 publications

References 98 publications

Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate

Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate

Resolving the slip-rate inconsistency of the northern Dead Sea fault

Dynamic Source Parameters of Significant Earthquakes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

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