Interspecies transmission of Rotaviruses among ruminants, dogs and humans: Current facts and remarks

Valiakos, George; Chatzopoulos, Dimitris; Tsokana, Constantina N.

doi:10.12681/jhvms.15596

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…27 The discovery of genotypes in humans that have previously been identified in animals now indicates that RVA is capable of undergoing adaptations that enable interspecies transmission. 28 The increased risk of zoonotic RV transmission in developing countries could be explained by an insufficient supply of potable water, the absence of proper medical facilities and cohabitation with farm animals. 29 As a result of co-infection, rare rotavirus strains in humans are suspected of having emerged either as a single virus infection or through genetic reassortment between human, animal and avian species.…”

Section: Rv Zoonotic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, rotaviruses were assumed to be host specific, and it was believed that this specificity was correlated with specific genotypes 27 . The discovery of genotypes in humans that have previously been identified in animals now indicates that RVA is capable of undergoing adaptations that enable interspecies transmission 28 . The increased risk of zoonotic RV transmission in developing countries could be explained by an insufficient supply of potable water, the absence of proper medical facilities and cohabitation with farm animals 29 …”

Section: Overview Of Rotavirus Strain Diversity In Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact

Sadiq

Bostan

Khan

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, causing 0.2 million deaths and several million hospitalisations globally each year. Four rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix TM , RotaTeq TM , Rotavac ® and ROTASIIL ® ) have been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the two newly pre-qualified vaccines (Rotavac ® and ROTASIIL ® ) are currently only in use in Palestine and India, respectively. In 2009, WHO strongly proposed that rotavirus vaccines be included in the routine vaccination schedule of all countries around the world. By the end of 2019, a total of 108 countries had administered rotavirus vaccines, and 10 countries have currently been approved by Gavi for the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the near future. With 39% of global coverage, rotavirus vaccines have had a substantial effect on diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in different geographical areas, although efficacy appears to be higher in high income settings. Due to the segmented RNA genome, the pattern of RVA genotypes in the human population is evolving through interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events for which the vaccine might be less effective in the future. However, despite the relative increase in some particular genotypes after rotavirus vaccine use, the overall efficacy of rotavirus mass vaccination worldwide has not been affected. Some of the challenges to improve the effect of current rotavirus vaccines can be solved in the future by new rotavirus vaccines and by vaccines currently in progress.

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Section: Rv Zoonotic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Rotavirus Strain Diversity In Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact

Sadiq

Bostan

Khan

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…The distribution of RVA strains found in humans and animals strongly supports host species barriers and restriction [5]. However, the detection of genotypes in humans that have been previously found in animals suggests that RVA is capable of undergoing adaptions permitting interspecies transmission [6,7]. Animal and avian species have therefore become potential reservoirs of rotaviruses that can infect humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Full genomic characterization of a porcine rotavirus strain detected in an asymptomatic piglet in Accra, Ghana

et al. 2020

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Background The introduction of rotavirus A vaccination across the developing world has not proved to be as efficacious as first hoped. One cause of vaccine failure may be infection by zoonotic rotaviruses that are very variable antigenically from the vaccine strain. However, there is a lack of genomic information about the circulating rotavirus A strains in farm animals in the developing world that may be a source of infection for humans. We therefore screened farms close to Accra, Ghana for animals sub-clinically infected with rotavirus A and then sequenced the virus found in one of these samples. Results 6.1% of clinically normal cows and pigs tested were found to be Rotavirus A virus antigen positive in the faeces. A subset of these (33.3%) were also positive for virus RNA. The most consistently positive pig sample was taken forward for metagenomic sequencing. This gave full sequence for all open reading frames except segment 5 (NSP1), which is missing a single base at the 5′ end. The virus infecting this pig had genome constellation G5-P[7]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1, a known porcine genotype constellation. Conclusions Farm animals carry rotavirus A infection sub-clinically at low frequency. Although the rotavirus A genotype discovered here has a pig-like genome constellation, a number of the segments most closely resembled those isolated from humans in suspected cases of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, such viruses may be a source of variable gene segments for re-assortment with other viruses to cause vaccine breakdown. It is recommended that further human and pig strains are characterized in West Africa, to better understand this dynamic.

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“…Furthermore, the G6, G8, and G10 types have been detected in various RVA strains in cattle. The most common worldwide bovine genotype is G6, followed by G10 in Europe, Asia, Australia and Americas, and G8 in Africa [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding P typing, P [14] and P [5] strains are prevalent in many countries around the world and the three combinations G6P [14], G10P [14] and G10P [5] are already described in many areas worldwide such as Europe, Australia and South Africa [26,27]. In Morocco, a study conducted in 2016 in different farm dairies in the western part of the country during a severe neonatal calve diarrhea reported the circulation of two genotypes G10P [14] and G6P [5] [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for zoonotic transmission of species A rotavirus from goat and cattle in nomadic herds in Morocco, 2012–2014

et al. 2020

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Species A rotaviruses (RVAs) are a leading cause of diarrhea in children and in the young of a large variety of mammalian and avian host species. The purpose of this study was to identify RVA in nomadic goats and calves during severe diarrhea outbreaks in 2012 and 2014 in Bouaarfa, Morocco, and to characterize the complete genomic constellation of two bovine and caprine strains (S18 and S19) and their genetic relatedness with the human strain ma31 detected in 2011 in Morocco. Partial nucleotide sequencing of VP4 and VP7 genes for the twenty-two positive samples revealed three circulating genotypes: G6P[14], G10P[14], and G10P[5] with predominance of G6P[14] genotype. Full-genome sequencing for both strains S18 and S19 presented, respectively, the following genomic constellations: G6-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3 and G10-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3. Phylogenetic analyses and the analysis of the VP8* antigenic epitopes for S18, S19 and ma31 revealed a shared similarity with bovine, caprine, ovine and human strains from Morocco and other countries. The VP2 and NSP1 genes of the S19 strain were closely related to those of the cognate genes of the human ma31 strain, while the VP4 gene of S18 strain was closely related to the cogent gene of the ma31 strain. Our findings revealed cases of zoonotic transmission and confirmed the risk of emergence of new genotypes in some environments such as nomadic regions, where close physical proximity between human and livestock is common. The present study is novel in reporting whole-genome analyses of RVA isolates obtained from nomadic livestock in Morocco. Keyword Group A rotavirus • Whole-genome analysis • Interspecies transmission • Moroccan nomadic populations

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Interspecies transmission of Rotaviruses among ruminants, dogs and humans: Current facts and remarks

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact

Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact

Full genomic characterization of a porcine rotavirus strain detected in an asymptomatic piglet in Accra, Ghana

Evidence for zoonotic transmission of species A rotavirus from goat and cattle in nomadic herds in Morocco, 2012–2014

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