Interspecific Interactions Among Three Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, S. feltiae Filipjev, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, with Different Foraging Strategies for Hosts in Multipiece Sand Columns

Soil texture, infective juvenile concentration, and soil organic matter influence the efficacy of Steinernema feltiae isolate Lican Ray

“…Furthermore, they achieved vertical distances of 70, 50 and 30 cm in loam, sandy loam and clay soil, respectively. Other studies found similar results with vertical movement of S. feltiae on the host G. mellonella (Neumann and Shields, 2006), also of S. carpocapsae on Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Toledo et al, 2009), and vertical and horizontal of Heterorhabdits amazonensis and Steinernema arenarium on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidopera: Noctuidae) (Andaló et al, 2012). In addition, in our study, mortality of G. mellonella decreased with the extreme soil textures evaluated.…”

Mixed infection of Galleria mellonella with two entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Rhabditida) species: Steinernema affine benefits from the presence of Steinernema kraussei

“…Koppenhofer et al (1995) found both S. glaseri and S. carpocapsae to have reduced progeny in mixed infections of G. mellonella. Finally, Neumann and Shields (2006) studied the interactions of the different EPN species in sand columns and observed that in some layers S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infected more hosts when other EPN species were present in the experimental arena. However, authors observed no multiple infection in any of the hosts.…”

“…Kondo (1989) observed Spodoptera litura co-infected with Steinernema glaseri and Steinernema feltiae producing a mixed progeny, while in Galleria mellonella co-infected with S. glaseri and Steinernema carpocapsae the reproduction of the latter species was depressed (Koppenhofer et al, 1995). On the other hand, Neumann and Shields (2006) did not observe any evidence of multiple infection of G. mellonella while studying the interactions of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in sand columns even though nematodes infected hosts in close proximity. Lewis et al (2006) concluded that species of Steinernema can develop together in one insect host, though one species may suffer the effects of the competition more than the other.…”

Biological Control of Alfalfa Snout Beetle with Persistent Entomopathogenic Nematodes

“…Mixing EPN species improved EPN effectiveness on ASB larvae and adults (Neumann and Shields 2008) due to the partitioning of the soil profile by the various species (Ferguson et al 1995, Neumann andShields 2006). Species mixes of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae resulted in lower levels of root feeding and damage on alfalfa roots than S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora or any of the single species alone.…”