Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Urinary Tract

McCloskey, Karen

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6_11

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The expression of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) marker c-kit in the penis has been extensively studied. While it is expressed in both mast cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), most attention has been given to the latter as these cells are believed to be the pacemakers of detrusor contraction [15]. In this study, we detected c-kit expression in the LRCs near the penile sinusoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Presence of Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Rat Penis

Lin

Alwaal

Zhang

et al. 2015

Stem Cells and Development

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Tissue resident stem cells are believed to exist in every organ, and their identification is commonly done using a combination of immunostaining for putative stem cell markers and label-retaining cell (LRC) strategy. In this study, we employed these approaches to identify potential stem cells in the penis. Newborn rats were intraperitoneally injected with thymidine analog, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU), and their penis was harvested at 7 h, 3 days, 1 week, and 4 weeks. It was processed for EdU stains and immunofluorescence staining for stem cell markers A2B5, PCNA, and c-kit. EdU-positive cells were counted for each time point and co-localized with each stem cell marker, then isolated and cultured in vitro followed by their characterization using flowcytometry and immunofluorescence. At 7 h post-EdU injection, 410 -105.3 penile corporal cells were labeled in each cross-section (*28%). The number of EdU-positive cells at 3 days increased to 536 -115.6, while their percentage dropped to 25%. Progressively fewer EdU-positive cells were present in the sacrificed rat penis at longer time points (1 and 4 weeks). They were mainly distributed in the subtunic and perisinusoidal spaces, and defined as subtunic penile progenitor cells (STPCs) and perisinusoidal penile progenitor cells (PPCs). These cells expressed c-kit, A2B5, and PCNA. After culturing in vitro, only *0.324% corporal cells were EdUlabeled LRCs and expressed A2B5/PCNA. Therefore, labeling of penis cells by EdU occurred randomly, and label retaining was not associated with expression of c-kit, A2B5, or PCNA. The penile LRCs are mainly distributed within the subtunic and perisinusoidal space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Presence of Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Rat Penis

Lin

Alwaal

Zhang

et al. 2015

Stem Cells and Development

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“…A dense layer of spindle-shaped cells has been described in bladder upper lamina propria in both humans (110,111,204,205,229,265,297) and animals (204,205) (265). Exposed to ATP, these cells responded by firing Ca 2ϩ transients (71), but application of the cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol had no effect.…”

Section: Interstitial Cells/myofibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urothelial Signaling

Birder

Andersson

2013

Physiological Reviews

399

362

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The urothelium, which lines the inner surface of the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urinary bladder, not only forms a high-resistance barrier to ion, solute and water flux, and pathogens, but also functions as an integral part of a sensory web which receives, amplifies, and transmits information about its external milieu. Urothelial cells have the ability to sense changes in their extracellular environment, and respond to chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli by releasing various factors such as ATP, nitric oxide, and acetylcholine. They express a variety of receptors and ion channels, including P2X3 purinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and TRP channels, which all have been implicated in urothelial-neuronal interactions, and involved in signals that via components in the underlying lamina propria, such as interstitial cells, can be amplified and conveyed to nerves, detrusor muscle cells, and ultimately the central nervous system. The specialized anatomy of the urothelium and underlying structures, and the possible communication mechanisms from urothelial cells to various cell types within the bladder wall are described. Changes in the urothelium/ lamina propria ("mucosa") produced by different bladder disorders are discussed, as well as the mucosa as a target for therapeutic interventions.

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“…Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) have been claimed to be present, not only in gut, where they express P2X and P2Y receptors [122,696], but also in the bladder of guinea-pigs [193,712], mice [476,752] and humans [476,608]. ICCs (also referred to as myofibroblasts; see [727]) are considered to be pacemaker cells, regulating smooth muscle activity.…”

Section: P2x Receptors Mediating Contraction Of the Bladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Purinergic signalling in the urinary tract in health and disease

Burnstock

2013

Purinergic Signalling

142

149

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Purinergic signalling is involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological activities in the lower urinary tract. In the bladder of laboratory animals there is parasympathetic excitatory cotransmission with the purinergic and cholinergic components being approximately equal, acting via P2X1 and muscarinic receptors, respectively. Purinergic mechanosensory transduction occurs where ATP, released from urothelial cells during distension of bladder and ureter, acts on P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors on suburothelial sensory nerves to initiate the voiding reflex, via low threshold fibres, and nociception, via high threshold fibres. In human bladder t h e p u r i n e rg i c c o m p o n e n t o f p a r a s y m p a t h e t i c cotransmission is less than 3 %, but in pathological conditions, such as interstitial cystitis, obstructed and neuropathic bladder, the purinergic component is increased to 40 %. Other pathological conditions of the bladder have been shown to involve purinoceptor-mediated activities, including multiple sclerosis, ischaemia, diabetes, cancer and bacterial infections. In the ureter, P2X7 receptors have been implicated in inflammation and fibrosis. Purinergic therapeutic strategies are being explored that hopefully will be developed and bring benefit and relief to many patients with urinary tract disorders.

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Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Urinary Tract

Cited by 44 publications

References 76 publications

Presence of Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Rat Penis

Presence of Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Rat Penis

Urothelial Signaling

Purinergic signalling in the urinary tract in health and disease

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