Interval Between Onset of Sleep and Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep as an Indicator of Depression

Kupfer, D. J.; Foster, F. G.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92090-9

Cited by 312 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Low-level features gave 70% AR using the hybrid classifier, while functionals gave 75% AR, which are both above chance level. These findings support previous studies, which concluded abnormality in patients' ocular motor system [8,9,10,12].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Eye movement analysis for depression detection

Alghowinem

Goecke

Wagner

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

120

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Depression is a common and disabling mental health disorder, which impacts not only on the sufferer but also on their families, friends and the economy overall. Despite its high prevalence, current diagnosis relies almost exclusively on patient self-report and clinical opinion, leading to a number of subjective biases. Our aim is to develop an objective affective sensing system that supports clinicians in their diagnosis and monitoring of clinical depression. In this paper, we analyse the performance of eye movement features extracted from face videos using Active Appearance Models for a binary classification task (depressed vs. non-depressed). We find that eye movement low-level features gave 70% accuracy using a hybrid classifier of Gaussian Mixture Models and Support Vector Machines, and 75% accuracy when using statistical measures with SVM classifiers over the entire interview. We also investigate differences while expressing positive and negative emotions, as well as the classification performance in gender-dependent versus gender-independent modes. Interestingly, even though the blinking rate was not significantly different between depressed and healthy controls, we find that the average distance between the eyelids ('eye opening') was significantly smaller and the average duration of blinks significantly longer in depressed subjects, which might be an indication of fatigue or eye contact avoidance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…latencies are shortened in depressives and suggesting that altered R.E.M. latency can be regarded as a single measure of the severity of illness [12]. Eye blink rate was investigated showing elevated blink rates, which return to normal levels as the depressed patient's condition improves [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movement analysis for depression detection

Alghowinem

Goecke

Wagner

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

120

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“…Most of the previous studies have reported a relationship between the overall severity of depression and specific sleep variables. For example, REM sleep latency [25] and REM density [26] have both been shown to predict the severity of depression. There are several lines of preliminary evidence suggesting that adjuvant insomnia treatments can have a greater impact on insomnia and depression than the treatment of depression alone [27,28] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between depression behaviors and sleep parameters after repeated corticosterone injections in rats

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: Disrupted sleep may be a prodromal symptom or a predictor of depressive disorders. In this study we investigated the relationship between depression symptoms and disrupted sleep using a novel model of stress-mimicked sleep disorders in rats. Methods: SD rats were injected with corticosterone (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, sc) or vehicle for 7 d. Their sleep-wake behavior was monitored through implanted EEG and EMG electrodes. Their depressive behaviors were assessed using forced swim test, open field test and sucrose preference test. Results: The corticosterone-treated rats showed significantly reduced sleep time, disinhibition of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and altered power spectra during non-REM sleep. All depressive behavioral tests did not show significant difference across the groups. However, individual correlation analysis revealed statistically significance: the immobility time (despair) was negatively correlated with REM sleep latency, slow wave sleep (SWS) time ratio, SWS bouts and delta power density, and it was positively correlated with REM sleep bouts and beta power density. Meanwhile, sucrose preference (anhedonia) was positively correlated with total sleep time and light sleep bouts, and it was negatively correlated with the REM sleep time ratio. Conclusion: In stress-mimicked rats, sleep disturbances are a predictor of depressive disorders, and certain symptoms of depression may be related to the disruption of several specific sleep parameters.

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“…1,27,28 In contrast, Feinberg et al found no relationship between sleep EEG and the severity of depression. 29 In depressed children and adolescents, no sleep EEG changes were found in comparison to age-matched healthy controls in most studies.…”

Section: Controlsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the one hand, rapid eye movement (REM) latency was suggested to be an indicator of depression. 1 On the other hand, it was observed that most antidepressant drugs suppressed REM sleep. 2 In the 1970s, it was therefore suggested that REM latency could be used to distinguish between certain subtypes of depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep electroencephalography as a biomarker in depression

Steiger¹,

Pawlowski²,

Kimura³

2015

CPT

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Abstract:The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) provides biomarkers of depression, which may help with diagnosis, prediction of therapy response, and prognosis in the treatment of depression. In patients with depression, characteristic sleep EEG changes include impaired sleep continuity, disinhibition of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and impaired non-REM sleep. Most antidepressants suppress REM sleep in depressed patients, healthy volunteers, and in animal models. REM suppression appears to be an important, but not an absolute requirement, for antidepressive effects of a substance. Enhanced REM density, a measure for frequency of REM, characterizes high-risk probands for affective disorders. REM-sleep changes were also found in animal models of depression. Sleep-EEG variables were shown to predict the response to treatment with antidepressants. Furthermore, certain clusters of sleep EEG variables predicted the course of the disorder for several years. Some of the predicted sleep EEG markers appear to be related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system activity.

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Interval Between Onset of Sleep and Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep as an Indicator of Depression

Cited by 312 publications

References 21 publications

Eye movement analysis for depression detection

Eye movement analysis for depression detection

Correlations between depression behaviors and sleep parameters after repeated corticosterone injections in rats

Sleep electroencephalography as a biomarker in depression

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