Interval Female Sterilization

Abstract

Female sterilization is relied on by nearly one in three women aged 35-44 years in the United States. Sterilization procedures are among the most common procedures that obstetrician-gynecologists perform. The most frequent sterilization procedures include postpartum tubal ligation, laparoscopic tubal disruption or salpingectomy, and hysteroscopic tubal occlusion. The informed consent process for sterilization is crucial and requires shared decision-making between the patient and the health care provider. Counseling should include the specific risks and benefits of the specific surgical approaches. Additionally, women should be counseled on the alternatives to sterilization, including intrauterine contraceptives and subdermal contraceptive implants. Complications, including unplanned pregnancy after successful female sterilization, are rare. The objectives of this Clinical Expert Series are to describe the epidemiology of female sterilization, access to postpartum sterilization, advances in interval sterilization techniques, and clinical considerations in caring for women requesting sterilization.

Effect of fallopian tube dredging with a combination of hysteroscopy and Traditional Chinese medicine containing marine-derived principles in patients with inflammatory obstruction of fallopian tube

“…Due to the complex mechanism involved in the etiology of this disease, it is imperative to explore effective treatment strategies to improve tubal dredging and restore normal uterine and pelvic functions [9][10][11][12][13]. Female tubal obstruction is a leading cause of infertility mostly because of pelvic inflammation which brings about difficulties with a long treatment cycle and a high possibility of recurrence [14][15][16]. The combination of fallopian tube dredging and hysteroscopy is widely applied in obstetrics and gynecology for improvement of fertility and quality of life of patients.…”

Evaluating the Long-term Safety of Hysteroscopic Sterilization

“…5 More than 600 000 women obtain sterilization procedures annually in the United States; of these, 290 000 are considered "interval"(ie, not associated with pregnancy) and are performed laparoscopically or hysteroscopically. 6 Laparoscopic sterilization dates back more than 50 years and typically occurs under general anesthesia in an operating room with cautery, banding, clipping, or complete removal of the fallopian tubes through small abdominal incisions. Hysteroscopic sterilization with fallopian tube inserts was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002.…”

“…In the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, spectacular cases of what came to be called research misconduct were widely published in the press, and the public forced medical journal editors to think hard about the processes that had allowed fraudulent research to be published despite their systems for expert peer review. 5,6 It seemed natural that the processes of peer review and publication should be put under the same sort of examination that editors demanded of authors when reporting science. 7,8 Most importantly, in medicine, the clinical stakes are particularly high, so the pressure to get things right was intense.…”

The effect on postoperative bowel movements of intraoperative drain application during laparoscopic bilateral tubal sterilization

“…Tubal sterilization (TS) is the general term used to refer to surgical procedures applied to prevent gametes or a fertilised oocyte passing from the tube to the endometrial cavity where it could be implanted, with the aim of preventing pregnancy [1]. Since the introduction of the routine use of laparoscopy in the 1970s, the most selected technique, especially in the interval period, has become the laparoscopic bilateral tubal sterilization (L/S BTS) method [2]. Following the development of mechanical methods in particular and increased reliability of the electrocoagulation technique, L/S BTS became more widely used [3].…”