Interval Power Flow Analysis Considering Interval Output of Wind Farms through Affine Arithmetic and Optimizing-Scenarios Method

Abstract

Wind power belongs to sustainable and clean energy sources which play a vital role of reducing environment pollution and addressing energy crisis. However, wind power outputs are quite difficult to predict because they are derived from wind speeds, which vary irregularly and greatly all the time. The uncertainty of wind power causes variation of the variables of power grids, which threatens the power grids’ operating security. Therefore, it is significant to provide the accurate ranges of power grids’ variables, which can be used by the operators to guarantee the power grid’s operating security. To achieve this goal, the present paper puts forward the interval power flow with wind farms model, where the generation power outputs of wind farms are expressed by intervals and three types of control modes are considered for imitating the operation features of wind farms. To solve the proposed model, the affine arithmetic-based method and optimizing-scenarios method are modified and employed, where three types of constraints of wind control modes are considered in their solution process. The former expresses the interval variables as affine arithmetic forms, and constructs optimization models to contract the affine arithmetic forms to obtain the accurate intervals of power flow variables. The latter regards active power outputs of the wind farms as variables, which vary in their corresponding intervals, and accordingly builds the minimum and maximum programming models for estimating the intervals of the power flow variables. The proposed methods are applied to two case studies, where the acquired results are compared with those acquired by the Monte Carlo simulation, which is a traditional method for handling interval uncertainty. The simulation results validate the advantages, effectiveness and the applicability of the two methods.

A systematic bibliometric review of clean energy transition: Implications for low-carbon development

“…Electricity generation from clean energy, such as wind and solar, plays a key role in the clean technology optimisation research [77,78]; however, a series of problems are setting obstacles for it. For instance, wind power generation has a high level of uncertainty, and there are potential exposure risks to the operation of a power grid [79,80]. Therefore, research on wind power generation in recent years tends to focus on wind flow models with the expectation to achieve a more accurate prediction of wind power generation [79,81].…”

“…For instance, wind power generation has a high level of uncertainty, and there are potential exposure risks to the operation of a power grid [79,80]. Therefore, research on wind power generation in recent years tends to focus on wind flow models with the expectation to achieve a more accurate prediction of wind power generation [79,81]. Besides, considering the negative impact of the wind power plant on the environment, researchers have made significant explorations on the environmental effects of wind farms and on the selection of wind farm locations for harnessing wind energy [82][83][84][85][86][87].…”

Interval Load Flow for Uncertainty Consideration in Power Systems Analysis

“…are the calculated deterministic active and reactive power at bus k, while ∆P i k and ∆Q i k are the interval values of the mismatches at bus k, respectively. Thus, the interval increments of the bus voltages magnitudes and their respective angles are calculated from the Jacobian matrix of the last iteration of the deterministic power flow and the interval mismatches (∆P i and ∆Q i ) as given by (15).…”

“…ILF has proven to be an effective tool when dealing with uncertainties. In [15], the authors implemented an ILF analysis considering interval output of wind farms with the aim of providing accurate ranges of the power grid variables which can be used by the system operator to guarantee security of the power system. In [16], an affine arithmetic-based power flow algorithm is proposed to take into account regional control of unscheduled power fluctuations.…”

Power Quality Issues and Mitigation for Electric Grids with Wind Power Penetration

“…The complete circuit of the IEEE 30-node is shown in Figure 8 which is based on reference [56]. The WPP is connected at node "30" of the IEEE 30-node test system [57]. Three cases are analyzed that include: Case 1 the system without any wind penetration at node '30 , Case 2 the capacity of the WPP is taken small as 10 MW, and finally Case 3 the capacity of WPP is 50 MW which is about penetration level of 25% of the total base demand.…”